“被选择”不等于“被接受”:外媒涉华经济报道中消息来源使用的双重偏向  

"Selected"Doesnot Mean"Accepted":Double Bias of Sourcesin Foreign Media Reports on Chinese Economy

作　　者：陈欧阳 蒋国亚 Chen Ouyang;Jiang Guoya(School of Journalism and Communication,Central China Normal University)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学新闻传播学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《新闻界》2022年第11期77-88,共12页Journalism and Mass Communication

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中美贸易博弈背景下我国主要经贸合作国中的‘中国经济形象’研究”(20BXW072)。

摘　　要：消息来源使用偏向的实证研究多聚焦消息来源被援引的频次,旨在通过考察媒体对不同消息来源的系统性“选择偏向”来揭示媒体建构背后的权力关系,却忽略了消息来源以何种形式被重组呈现的问题。这种单一化的研究视角,易让国家对外传播实践陷入“引用率越高,话语权越强”的幻象。本研究引入框架理论中的“选择-重组”概念,强调从“选择-重组”两个维度考察消息来源使用偏向。对美、英、印、日四国媒体报道的消息来源实证分析显示,相较于印度《经济时报》直接通过“选择偏向”排除中国声音,美、英、日三国媒体则主要借助“重组偏向”消解中国声音,在广泛引用中国消息来源的同时,将其置于相反观点的消息来源网络中,分别呈现出“此长彼消式压制”“掩耳盗铃式平衡”和“分散孤立式消解”的特点。增加对消息来源“重组偏向”的考察,有助于揭示国际新闻生产中更为隐蔽的权力实践,为正确理解当下中国的话语权现状提供理论工具。Classical studies of source bias aim to reveal the power relations behind media construction by examining the media’s "selection bias" towards different sources, but neglecting how sources are restructured. Guided by this single perspective, international communication practice is easy to fall into the illusion of "the higher the citation rate, the stronger the discourse power". By introducing the "selecting-restructuring" mechanisms in framing theory, this study adds an examination of the "restructuring bias" of sources to the "selecting bias" of sources. A comparative analysis on the source bias in Chinese economic news in the mainstream mediafrom US, UK, India and Japan shows that, while India’s The Economic Times tends to directly exclude Chinese voices through "selection bias", mainstream media from the other three countries’ tend to weaken the Chinese discourse power by "restructuring bias"-citing Chinese source widely but placing them in a network of sources with opposing viewpoints, and thus reveals "sieging suppression" strategy of American media, "disguised balance" strategy of British media and "isolating dispersion" strategy of Japanese media toward Chinese sources. Addingan examination of the "restructuring bias" of sourceshelps to reveal the more convert power practices in international news production and provides theoretical framework to understand the status of China’s discoursepower.

关 键 词：消息来源 新闻媒体 话语权 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]