提高页岩气藏压裂井射孔簇产气率的技术进展  

Recent advancement for improving gas production rate from perforated clusters in fractured shale gas reservoir

作　　者：蒋恕 李园平[1,2] 杜凤双 薛冈 张培先 陈国辉[1,2] 汪虎 余如洋 张仁 JIANG Shu;LI Yuanping;DU Fengshuang;XUE Gang;ZHANG Peixian;CHEN Guohui;WANG Hu;YU Ruyang;ZHANG Ren(Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources,Ministry of Education,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan,Hubei 430074,China;School of Earth Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan,Hubei 430074,China;Sinopec East China Oil and Gas Company,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210019,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)构造与油气资源教育部重点实验室,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)资源学院,湖北武汉430074 [3]中国石化华东油气分公司,江苏南京210019

出　　处：《油气藏评价与开发》2023年第1期9-22,共14页Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“复杂构造带常压页岩气动态赋存机理与可动性研究”(42130803);国家自然科学基金面上项目“不同岩相页岩油与油页岩储层原位加热增孔致裂机理与预测”(42072174);中国博士后科学基金“页岩层理弱面约束下压裂缝网形成机制”(2021M703000)。

摘　　要：页岩气藏水平井分段多簇射孔压裂通常存在射孔簇生产效率低下的问题。提高射孔簇压裂的有效性以及保持多簇裂缝长期导流能力是实现页岩气藏水平井增产降本面临的主要挑战之一。根据前人的研究成果,系统分析了射孔簇生产效率低下的主要原因:(1)由于页岩储层地质力学非均质性、缝间应力阴影、射孔侵蚀速率差异等因素导致裂缝未均衡起裂或延伸;(2)由于段内射孔排量分配差异,低黏度压裂液悬砂能力弱,以及裂缝弯曲、倾斜、粗糙度等因素导致簇间及缝内支撑剂未均匀分布;(3)生产过程中支撑剂的破碎、嵌入、成岩作用,地层微粒的生成和运移等因素导致裂缝的导流能力损失。针对上述问题,总结了促进多簇裂缝均衡起裂延伸、促进支撑剂均匀分布及提高裂缝导流能力的优化措施和技术方案,包括新型限流压裂技术、可降解暂堵转向技术、射孔参数及加砂顺序优化、高速通道压裂、高黏减阻压裂液体系与新型支撑剂的研究与应用等,并在上述技术的基础上提出了相关建议及展望,以期为提高水平井射孔簇生产效率提供参考与借鉴。Generally there exist a large number of ineffective perforation clusters in multistage hydraulic fracturing of horizontal wells of shale gas reservoirs.So improving the effectiveness of perforation and maintaining the long-term conductivity of fractures are the main challenges to increase production and reduce costs for shale gas horizontal wells.Based on previous research results,the main reasons for low production of perforation clusters include:(1)Fracture does not initiate or propagate effectively due to mechanical heterogeneity of shale reservoir,stress shadow between fractures,or difference of perforation erosion rate;(2)The distribution of proppant is non-uniform between clusters and in fractures due to the difference of perforation displacement distribution within the stage,weak sand suspension ability of low viscosity fracturing fluid,and fracture bending,inclination and roughness;(3)The fracture conductivity is lost due to the breakage and embedding of proppant,diagenesis,formation and migration of formation particles.In order to solve the above problems,the optimization and technical solutions to facilitate the balanced initiation of fractures,the uniform distribution of proppants,and the improvement of fracture conductivity are proposed.They include new-type limited entry fracturing technique,degradable temporary plugging diversion,optimization of perforation parameters and sand-adding sequence,high-speed channel fracturing,high viscosity friction reducers and new-type proppants,etc.,which are expected to provide benchmark for improving the effectiveness of perforation cluster fracturing of horizontal wells.

关 键 词：无效射孔 支撑剂分布 裂缝导流能力 限流压裂技术 平面射孔 暂堵转向技术 新型支撑剂 

分 类 号：TE37[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]