我国伴生放射性废渣特点及处置案例  

Characteristics and disposal cases of associated radioactive waste residues in China

作　　者：冀东 杜娟 张贺飞 刘晓超 JI Dong;DU Juan;ZHANG Hefei;LIU Xiaochao(The Fourth Research and Design Engineering Corporation,China National Nuclear Corporation,Shijiazhuang 050021,China)

机构地区：[1]中核第四研究设计工程有限公司,石家庄050021

出　　处：《核技术》2023年第1期32-39,共8页Nuclear Techniques

摘　　要：伴生放射性废渣具有核素半衰期长、放射性水平范围宽等特点。我国的伴生放射性废渣涉及行业多、来源广、种类多、数量大,已制约该行业的健康发展。由于该类废渣存在物料理化性质复杂、区域分布及处理处置现状差异大等问题,需提出有效的安全处置措施。本文通过与危险废物、中低放废物、铀矿冶废物等进行对比分析,为我国伴生放射性废渣的监管理念提供技术支持;通过系统性介绍我国当前针对该类废渣的处理处置方法、设计要求、适用场景、优缺点及应用实例等,提出了我国伴生放射性废渣的处置策略。同时以某区域处置场项目为典型案例,深刻剖析了项目及废渣特点,给出了解决的对策,为相关处置工作提供参考。在上述工作基础上,进一步提出了推动我国伴生放射性废渣最终处置的建议。The associated radioactive waste residue has characteristics of long half-life of nuclides,wide range of radioactive levels,and so on.There are many industries involved in associated radioactive waste in China with wide sources,large types and quantities,hence restrict the healthy development of the industry.This study aims to propose effective safety disposal measures suitable for the complex physical and chemical properties of such waste residues,large differences in regional distribution and disposal status.Through comparison and analysis with hazardous waste,medium and low level radioactive waste,uranium mining and smelting waste,the technical support for the regulatory concept of associated radioactive waste residue was provided.The current disposal methods,design requirements,applicable scenarios,advantages-disadvantages and application examples of this kind of waste residue were systematically introduced,and the disposal strategies of associated radioactive waste residue were suggested.Meanwhile,a typical case of a regional disposal site project was taken as example,the characteristics of the project and waste residue were deeply analyzed,and the countermeasures were given to provide reference for relevant disposal work.Finally,based on above work,some suggestions are put forward to promote the final disposal of associated radioactive waste residue in China.

关 键 词：伴生放射性废渣 特点 处置案例 处置策略 

分 类 号：TD983[矿业工程—选矿]