计算机工作站科研人员工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患及其影响因素研究  

Research on work-related musculoskeletal disorders and risk factors of researchers working in computer workstations

作　　者：毕明丽 李珏 王会宁 丁晓文 阎腾龙 BI Ming-li;LI Jue;WANG Hui-ning;DING Xiao-wen;YAN Teng-long(Post-doctoral working station,Beijing Prevention and Treatment Hospital of Occupational Disease for Chemical Industry,Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Beijing 100093,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]北京市化工职业病防治院/北京市职业病防治研究院博士后工作站,北京100093 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所 [3]北京市化工职业病防治院/北京市职业病防治研究院

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2022年第6期446-450,463,共6页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：北京市职业病防治研究院院长基金项目(YZJJ2022306)。

摘　　要：目的分析计算机工作站科研人员工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)及其影响因素。方法采用北欧肌肉骨骼问卷调查计算机工作站科研人员近1 a内WMSDs患病情况,采用英国工作站检查表对计算机工作站进行检查。结果研究对象为627人,WMSDs总患病率为79.4%,患病率最高的前3个部位分别为颈部(59.3%)、肩部(43.4%)、下背/腰部(39.2%)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,每日操作电脑时间≥6 h、需要始终注视显示器或操作键盘是颈部WMSDs的危险因素(OR分别为1.649、1.511,P<0.05),女性、40~49岁、≥50岁、需要始终注视显示器或操作键盘是肩部WMSDs的危险因素(OR分别为2.291、2.362、2.321、1.992,P<0.05);中等身高(165~179 cm)、如长时间使用笔记本设外置键盘、掌握正确的键盘操作要领、有足够的空间以改变位置和动作是颈部的保护因素(OR分别为0.557、0.494、0.530、0.555,P<0.05),工作时能保持正确的坐姿、有足够的空间以改变位置和动作是肩、下背/腰部的保护因素(肩部OR分别为0.699、0.464,下背/腰部OR分别为0.620、0.519,P<0.05)。结论科研人员WMSDs患病率较高,发病部位以颈部、肩部、下背/腰部较为常见,其患病率与个体特征、计算机使用方式、工作站要素密切相关。Objective To analyze work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)and risk factors in researchers working in computer workstations.Methods Using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs in researchers working in computer workstations in the past year,the workstations were checked using the British workstation checklist.Results The total prevalence of WMSDs in the study subjects(n=627)was 79.43%,and the top three parts with the highest prevalence were neck(59.3%),shoulder(43.4%),and lower back/waist(39.2%).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the daily computer use time≥6 h,the need to watch the monitor or operate the keyboard all the time were risk factors for cervical WMSDs(OR were 1.649 and 1.511,P<0.05).Female,40-49 years old,≥50 years old,and needing to watch the monitor or operate the keyboard all the time were risk factors for shoulder WMSDs(OR were 2.291,2.362,2.321 and 1.992,P<0.05).Medium height(165-179 cm),if using a notebook for a long time with an external keyboard,mastering the correct keyboard operation essentials,and having enough space to change positions and movements were protective factors for the neck(OR were 0.557,0.494,0.530 and 0.555,P<0.05).Being able to maintain a correct sitting posture and having enough space to change positions and movements during work were protective factors for the shoulders,lower back/waist(OR of shoulders were 0.699 and 0.464,OR of lower back/waist were 0.620 and 0.519,P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of WMSDs in researchers is high,and the neck,shoulders,and lower back/waist are the most commonly affected parts of the body.Its prevalence is closely related to individual characteristics,computer usage patterns,and workstation elements.

关 键 词：科研人员 工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患 患病率 计算机工作站 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]