糖尿病视网膜病变发病机制研究进展  

Research progress in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy

作　　者：杜长虹 刘银萍[1] DU Changhong;LIU Yinping(Department of Ophthalmology,Yijishan Hospital,Wannan Medical College,Wuhu 241001,China)

机构地区：[1]皖南医学院弋矶山医院眼科,安徽芜湖241001

出　　处：《沈阳医学院学报》2023年第1期88-91,共4页Journal of Shenyang Medical College

摘　　要：糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)作为糖尿病微血管病变之一,是首位危害视力的视网膜类疾病。尤其在发达国家,其发病率呈现日益增高的趋势。近年来有学者提出DR不仅仅是微血管的病变,更是视网膜血管-神经单位的损伤,且有研究发现在DR的早期就存在神经病变,即神经病变先于微血管病变。关于DR病变的机制有许多,如氧化应激、内质网应激、慢性炎症等。本文主要针对高血糖诱导的氧化应激以及导致微血管病变和神经变性发病的分子机制及其病理生理进行综述。Diabetic retinopathy(DR),a microvascular complication from diabetes,is the leading cause of visual impairment.And its incidence is increasing especially in developed countries. In recent years,it has been proposed that DR is not only a microvascular lesion,but also the injury of retinal vascular-nerve units. And studies have shown that neuropathy occurs in the early stage of DR,that is,neuropathy precedes microvascular lesions. There are many mechanisms for DR,such as oxidative stress,endoplasmic reticulum stress,and chronic inflammation. This article reviews the molecular mechanism and pathophysiology of hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress,microangiopathy and neurodegeneration.

关 键 词：糖尿病视网膜病变 神经胶质细胞 氧化应激 M1巨噬细胞 M2巨噬细胞 

分 类 号：R587.2[医药卫生—内分泌]