汉语中的AABB式再分析  

Revisiting the AABB pattern in Mandarin Chinese

作　　者：李涤非 程工[1] LI Difei;CHENG Gong

机构地区：[1]浙江大学外国语学院

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2023年第1期42-56,共15页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学重大资助课题“语言共性的多视角研究”(19YSXK01ZD)的资助。

摘　　要：本文采用句法构词理论探讨汉语AABB式的相关问题,以AABB式的不同表现为基础,将其分为两大类:一类为形容词重叠式,其中AB能够独立做形容词;另一类为叠加式,主要包括AB不独立成词的AABB式形容词,并且这一叠加式分析可以扩展至包括名词和动词在内的其他词类。我们提出,重叠式通过其基式√AB嫁接至体词缀Aspect生成,由Aspect实现为重叠语素,类似于英语中的分词结构。叠加式AABB由词根√A和√B分别进行自我复合,形成复合词根√AABB,而后嫁接至定类语素a, v,n等。这一方案对表层均实现为AABB式的两种不同结构进行了细分,并将动词ABAB式与形容词AABB式中的重叠语素统一至Aspect节点下,通过高低附着假说来解释其差异,在理论与实证方面展现出了更好的经济性与简洁性。This paper argues that the AABB forms in Mandarin Chinese can be subsumed under two broad categories based on the different properties they display. One type is solely confined to adjectival reduplications, resulting from reduplicating the root √AB. By contrast, the other type of AABB, with AB being not an independent adjective, is considered as a doubling process, which takes place also in nominal and verbal AABBs. We thereby propose that the reduplicated AABB is constructed by adjoining the base form √AB directly to Aspect, which is realized as the RED morpheme, structurally in parallel with English stative participles. The derivation of the doubling AABB, on the other hand, is in fact a compounding process, in which roots √A and √B undergo self-compounding respectively before √AA and √BB are juxtaposed to constitute a complex acategorial root √AABB, which in turn adjoins to the categorizer, be it a, v, or n. This proposal presents a nuanced analysis of two different structures surfacing both as AABB, and unifies the reduplicative morphemes in verbal ABAB and adjectival AABB to a single functional head Aspect. As such, our account achieves greater simplicity as it reduces the differences between them to high/low attachment to a functional category, with different semantic interpretations.

关 键 词：AABB式 基式 体词缀 重叠式 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]