外壳名词的预设类型及其语用功能研究  

Presuppositions of shell nouns: From semantic features to pragmatic functions

作　　者：寇鑫 KOU Xin

机构地区：[1]山东大学文学院 [2]山东大学语言科学实验中心

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2023年第1期57-70,共14页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目(21CYY032)的资助。

摘　　要：汉语抽象名词具有概述指称、关联上下文、表达立场的功能。这些丰富的语用功能均是由抽象名词的次类外壳名词所实现的。外壳名词的所指与事件有关,语义内容复杂,可区分为事件论元与概念义两部分。外壳名词的事件论元区分为内容论元与相关论元两类。在这样的论元结构下,定指外壳名词作为预设触发语,能够触发两种论元存在预设,根据两类论元与外壳名词的句法分布情况及语义关系测试,可以揭示内容论元存在预设与相关论元存在预设的不同推理强度。这两类存在预设在上下文中获得实现,使外壳名词完成了概述指称、关联上下文等语篇连贯功能,保证外壳名词作为枢纽完成衔接,并成为篇章管界的重要词汇手段。外壳名词的概念义则可以通过其语义中隐含的意向谓词触发词汇概念的语义预设和语用预期,进而使得外壳名词能够根据自身语义的不同,表达情感、评价、认识等立场。同时,外壳名词概念预设的使用也是一种重要的说服策略。Abstract nouns have the pragmatic functions of résomptive anaphora/cataphora, contextual information organization and stance expression. Shell nouns, a subcategory of abstract nouns that refer to events or propositions, can perform all these functions. The semantic content of shell nouns is complex, which can be divided into argument and concept, and according to the nature of argument, shell nouns can be further divided into the univalent and the bivalent. Because of their intricate semantic content, it is possible for shell nouns to trigger two kinds of semantic presuppositions: existential presupposition of argument and that of concept. The former is the base for shell nouns to contribute to textual coherence by way of satisfying presuppositions while simultaneously functioning as the hubs of cohesion and serving as an important lexical resource to mark discourse boundaries. Conversely, the existential presupposition of concept and its accommodation in discourse enable shell nouns to express stance and function as a persuasion strategy.

关 键 词：外壳名词 语义预设 语篇连贯 立场 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]