用于介绍的“叫”字句和“是”字句  

Jiao-sentences and Shi-sentences used for introduction

作　　者：程妍超 CHENG Yanchao

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2023年第1期85-97,共13页Chinese Teaching in the World

摘　　要：“叫”字句和“是”字句可以用于介绍,但它们的语用功能不完全相同。“叫”字句用于初始性介绍,将陌生客体引入受话人知识中,“是”字句用于补充性介绍,为受话人知识中已有的客体增添信息,所以两种句子的适用环境、表达效果都不同。这两种句子语用功能不同的原因是,“叫”的宾语名词是元语言成分,而“是”的宾语名词一般指称外部世界中的事物。但在一些非常规环境下,受到礼貌原则、认知显著度和一些语言内部因素的影响,“叫”字句能用于介绍受话人已经认识的事物,“是”字句也能用于介绍受话人完全不认识的事物。Jiao(叫)-sentences and shi(是)-sentences can both be used for introduction,but they differ in pragmatic function.Jiao-sentences are for initial introduction,bringing in the name of an entirely new entity into the cognition of the addressee,while shi-sentences are for supplementary introduction,adding information to the entities already known to the addressee.As a result,the two kinds of sentences can be used in different situations and therefore have different effects of expression.Their different pragmatic functions result from the differences between the object of jiao and shi:the former is a kind of metalanguage and the latter usually refers to the external world.However,influenced by the Politeness Principle,the hierarchy of salience and some language internal factors,jiao-sentences can sometimes be used for introducing the entities already known to the addressee,and shi-sentences can be used for introducing some unknown entities.

关 键 词：“叫” “是” 介绍 指称属性 元语言成分 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]