钾肥对玉米光合、荧光特性及钾素吸收效率的影响  

Effects of Potassium Fertilizer on Photosynthetic, Fluorescent Properties and Potassium Absorption Efficiency of Maize

作　　者：范雅芳 孙继颖[1] 高聚林[1] 刘剑 苏治军[1] 胡树平[2] 王志刚[1] 于晓芳[1] Fan Yafang;Sun Jiying;Gao Julin;Liu Jian;Su Zhijun;Hu Shuping;Wang Zhigang;Yu Xiaofang(College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,010019;Vocational and Technical College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural U-niversity,Baotou,014109)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院,包头014109

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2023年第1期337-348,共12页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300802);国家自然科学基金项目(31360304);内蒙古自治区作物栽培与遗传改良重点实验室和农业部华北黄土高原地区作物栽培科学观测实验站(25204120);国家玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-63)共同资助

摘　　要：本试验以21份不同玉米自交系为基础材料,通过钾素吸收效率的聚类分析将供试材料分为钾高效型、钾中效型和钾低效型三类。以三种不同钾素吸收效率类型玉米自交系为材料,采用大田试验,研究了施用钾肥对不同钾素吸收效率类型玉米自交系光合、荧光特性和钾素吸收效率的影响。结果表明,与不施钾水平相比较,在施钾水平下,玉米自交系穗位叶的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、可变荧光、最大荧光产量、最大光化学效率、籽粒钾素积累量、钾含量和钾素吸收效率均显著升高,胞间CO_(2),浓度和初始荧光显著降低。可变荧光和最大荧光产量的升高,以及初始荧光的降低显著增加净光合速率,进而提高钾素吸收效率。不施钾水平下,钾高效型玉米自交系钾素吸收效率、光合特性和荧光特性降低程度较小,说明钾高效型玉米自交系在低钾胁迫下维持钾素营养、光合及荧光特性的能力较强,这为下一步钾高效型玉米材料的选育提供理论基础。In this experiment, 21 maize inbred lines were used as basic materials, and the materials were divided into three types by cluster analysis of potassium absorption efficiency: high potassium efficiency type, medium potassium efficiency type and low potassium efficiency type. Three maize inbred lines with different potassium absorption efficiency were used as materials to study the effects of potassium fertilizer application on photosynthetic,fluorescent properties and potassium absorption efficiency of maize inbred lines with different potassium absorption efficiency. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate,variable fluorescence, maximum fluorescence yield, maximum photochemical efficiency, potassium accumulation,potassium content and potassium absorption efficiency of maize inbred lines were significantly increased, while CO2concentration and initial fluorescence were significantly decreased under potassium application compared with those without potassium application. The increase of variable fluorescence and maximum fluorescence yield,as well as the decrease of initial fluorescence, significantly increased the photosynthetic rate, thereby improving the potassium absorption efficiency. Under the condition of no potassium application, the potassium absorption efficiency, photosynthetic properties and fluorescence properties of high potassium efficiency maize inbred lines decreased smaller. Potassium-efficient maize inbred lines had strong ability to maintain potassium nutrition,photosynthetic and fluorescent properties under low potassium stress, which provide a theoretical basis for the selection of potassium-efficient maize materials.

关 键 词：玉米自交系 钾肥 光合特性 荧光特性 钾素吸收效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]