CaO添加剂对失效汽车尾气催化剂造渣熔炼的影响  

Effect of CaO Addition on Slagging Smelting of Spent Automobile Catalysts

作　　者：黄钊 王飞[1,2,3] 蒋文龙 郁青春[1,2,3] 杨斌 HUANG Zhao;WANG Fei;JIANG Wenlong;YU Qingchun;YANG Bin(National Engineering Research Center for Vacuum Metallurgy,Kunming 650093,China;Key Laboratory of Vacuum Metallurgy of Nonferrous Metals in Yunnan Province,Kunming 650093,China;State Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China)

机构地区：[1]真空冶金国家工程研究中心,昆明650093 [2]云南省有色金属真空冶金重点实验室,昆明650093 [3]昆明理工大学省部共建复杂有色金属资源清洁利用国家重点实验室,昆明650093

出　　处：《有色金属工程》2023年第1期71-80,共10页Nonferrous Metals Engineering

基　　金：云南省万人计划青年拔尖人才专项(109720190004);云南省基础研究专项(202101AT0705550)。

摘　　要：失效汽车尾气催化剂是重要的铂族金属(PGMs)二次资源。火法熔炼捕集工艺因回收率高、废水量小等优点,近年来得到了广泛研究。以堇青石型失效汽车尾气催化剂为原料,通过电感耦合等离子体光谱仪(ICP-AES)、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、电子探针(EPMA)等表征手段,分析原料的组成、物相及元素的分布状态。采用高温激光共聚焦显微镜(HT-CSLM)原位观测探究试样的熔化温度区间。采用FactSage 7.2软件模拟计算和实验相结合的手段,研究CaO添加剂对熔炼捕集铂族金属工艺过程熔渣特性的影响。结果表明:堇青石型失效汽车尾气催化剂中的铂族金属包括铂、钯、铑三种,相对分散地分布于堇青石(2MgO·2Al_(2)O_(3)·5SiO_(2))载体上;原料的熔化温度区间为1345~1548℃;CaO的添加可降低渣系熔化温度和黏度,缩短熔化温度区间;随着CaO添加量由5%逐渐增加到25%(梯度为5%),熔渣的完全熔化温度依次为1500、1480、1460、1440、1430℃。Spent automobile catalysts are an important secondary source of platinum group metals(PGMs).The pyrometallurgical capture process has been widely studied in recent years because of its advantages both including high recovery rate and small wastewater volume.In this paper,cordierite-type spent automobile catalysts is used as raw material.The main components and phase structures of samples were characterized by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The distribution of the elements was determined by electron probe micro analyzer(EPMA).The melting behavior of the specimens was investigated by in situ observation using high temperature confocal scanning laser microscopy(HT-CSLM).The effect of CaO as an additive on the slag characteristics of the smelting and capture of platinum group metals was studied by simulation using FactSage 7.2 software and experiments.The results show that the platinum group metals of cordierite-type spent automobile catalysts include Pt,Pd,Rh,and relatively dispersed on the cordierite(2MgO·2Al_(2)O_(3)·5SiO_(2))carrier.Melting of raw material occurs at 1345—1548℃.The addition of CaO can reduce the melting temperature and viscosity of the slag system,and shorten the melting temperature interval.As the CaO addition increases from 5%to 25%(with a gradient of 5%),the complete melting temperature of the slag is 1500,1480,1460,1440,and 1430℃in that order.The above work is a good guide for the study of enrichment of platinum group metals(PGMs)by pyrometallurgical capture.

关 键 词：CAO 失效汽车尾气催化剂 造渣熔炼 熔渣特性 

分 类 号：TF831[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]