运用Ecopath模型构建大水面增殖放流方案——以洈水水库为例  

Breeding and releasing scheme construction of large water surface using Ecopath model:with Weishui Reservior as an example

作　　者：范泽宇 白雪兰 徐聚臣 黄路全 王晓宁 吕亚兵 侯杰[1,3] 何绪刚[1,3] FAN Zeyu;BAI Xuelan;XU Juchen;HUANG Luquang;WANG Xiaoning;LÜYabing;HOU Jie;HE Xugang(College of Fisheries,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited,Power Construction Corporation of China,Changsha 410014,China;Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,Ministry of Education,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学水产学院,武汉430070 [2]中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司,长沙410014 [3]长江经济带大宗水生生物产业绿色发展教育部工程研究中心,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2023年第1期82-91,共10页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项(2019YFD0900601-02);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2662020SCPY001)。

摘　　要：为科学制定大水面增殖放流技术方案、促进生态渔业可持续健康发展,以洈水水库为例,在运用EwE软件研究水库生态容纳量基础之上,采用Ecopath模型,构建4套增殖放流方案,通过各方案生态、社会和经济效益的综合比较,遴选出最佳方案。结果显示:(1)若以经济效益和氮、磷移除等社会环境效益为首选因子,则方案1最优,即增殖放流鲢、鳙,年放流数量分别为13.5万、49.1万尾,年最大可持续产量达486.6、1766.8 t,总产值、总利润值、单位产值分别为8040.2万、7003.7万和350.2万元/km^(2),总氮、总磷年净移除量可达130.41、36.98 t以上,生态系统的总初级生产力/总呼吸(TPP/TR)值、连接指数(CI)值、系统杂食指数(SOI)值、香农多样性指数值分别为4.030、0.304、0.114、1.557;(2)若综合考虑生态系统健康和渔业经济效益,则方案3最优,即增殖放流鳜、黄颡鱼、鲤、鲫、鲢、鳙,年放流数量分别为0.08万、1.9万、0.9万、1.1万、4.1万、14.8万尾,年最大可持续产量分别达1.2、3.8、18.8、5.6、162.8、591.2 t,总产值、总利润值、单位产值分别为3041.8万、2562.2万、128.1万元/km^(2),总氮、总磷年净移除量可分别达46.73、13.21 t以上,生态系统的总初级生产力/总呼吸(TPP/TR)值、连接指数(CI)值、系统杂食指数(SOI)值、香农多样性指数值分别为4.616、0.302、0.117、1.597。以上研究结果表明,灵活运用Ecopath模型,可根据相应的渔业管理目标科学制定大水面生态渔业方案。In order to scientifically formulate the technical plan for the proliferation and release of large water surface and promote the sustainable and healthy development of ecological fishery,this study took the Weishui Reservoir as an example.On the basis of studying the ecological capacity of the reservoir by using the EwE software,4 sets of proliferation and release schemes were constructed using the Ecopath model and the best scheme was selected through a comprehensive comparison of the ecological,social and economic benefits of each plan.The research results could provide new ideas and references for the scientific formulation of large-surface ecological fishery programs.The results showed that:(1)If economic benefits and social and environmental benefits such as nitrogen and phosphorus removal were taken as the preferred factors,scheme 1 was optimal,that was,breeding and releasing of silver carp and bighead carp,with the annual release numbers of 135000 and 491000,respectively.The annual maximum sustainable output of silver carp and bighead carp was 486.6 t and 1766.8 t,the total output value,total profit value and unit output value are 80.402 million yuan,70.037 million yuan and 3.502 million yuan/km^(2),respectively,and the annual net removal of total nitrogen and total phosphorus could reach above 130.41 t and 36.98 t,the total primary productive force/total respiration(TPP/TR)value,connectivity index(CI)value,system omnivorous index(SOI)value and Shannon diversity index value of the ecosystem were 4.030,0.304,0.114 and 1.557,respectively.(2)If the health of the ecosystem and the economic benefits of fishery were considered comprehensively,scheme 3 was the best,that was,breeding and releasing of mandarin fish,yellow catfish,common carp,crucian carp,silver carp,and bighead carp with annual discharge numbers of 800,19000,9000,11000,41000 and 148000,respectively.The annual maximum sustainable output could reach 1.2 t,3.8 t,18.8 t,5.6 t,162.8 t and 591.2 t,respectively.The total output value,total profit value an

关 键 词：洈水水库 ECOPATH模型 生态容纳量 生态渔业 多营养级增殖放流方案 

分 类 号：S931.5[农业科学—渔业资源]