网络交易中消费者评价权的本土化构建  

Localized Construction of Consumers’Evaluation Rights in Online Transactions

作　　者：张钦润[1] 许家欣 ZHANG Qin-run;XU Jia-xin(School of Liberal Arts and Law Studies,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao,Shandong,266590)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学文法学院,山东青岛266590

出　　处：《广州广播电视大学学报》2022年第6期83-91,106,111,112,共12页Journal of Guangzhou Open University

基　　金：司法部2021年度国家法治与法学理论研究课题“社会企业视角下实现共同富裕的法治化保障研究”(项目编号:21SFB4055)。

摘　　要：在全球数字经济背景下,电子商务随之发展起来,互联网除了满足人们购买商品和获取服务的需求外,同时也是信息交换、互通有无的主要选择。消费者与经营者在交易过程中存在信息不对称的情况,消费者评价使得交易透明,潜在消费者以此进行辨别判断,减少试错成本,消费者评价的重要性日益显现。当前消费者评价在网络交易中存在诸如刷单、虚假好评、恶意差评等问题,司法实践与现行法律都没有做出明确规定。因此,消费者评价权作为一项经济法范畴中的新兴权利,美国对此专门立法设权进行保护,这引发了构建中国本土化的消费者评价权的思考。根据中国的立法现状以及目前的司法实践,借鉴美国的经验,在现有法律规范的基础上,通过创设消费者评价权进行综合保护。Driven by global digital economy,e-commerce has been flourishing.In addition to a main means of information exchange,internet has been serving as the major channel of good-and-service trading.Since there is usually informational asymmetry between consumers and businesses in the online transaction,evaluation plays an increasingly important role in process transparency,facilitating potential buyers’judgment,and reducing costs involved.While there are at present some problems in this aspect,such as scalping,false favorable comments,and malicious negative comments,neither judicial practice nor current laws have made clear provisions to address these misconducts.America has now already recognized consumers’evaluation rights as an emerging economic category,which necessitates localized legislation in China.This paper proposes that a comprehensive legal system shall be established to protect better consumers’evaluation rights,taking such factors into consideration as Chinese legislative situation and current judicial practice,America’s experiences,and existing legal norms etc.

关 键 词：消费者评价权 言论自由 网络交易 新兴权利 

分 类 号：D923.8[政治法律—民商法学]