箬竹属植物在成都平原的引种栽培适应性研究  

Study on Introduction and Cultivation Adaptability of Indocalamus Plants in Chengdu Plain

作　　者：喻炜乾 岳琦淩 何睿 冯诗涵 江明艳[1] YU Wei-qian;YUE Qi-ling;HE Rui;FENG Shi-han;JIANG Ming-yan(College of Landscape Architecture,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学风景园林学院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《竹子学报》2022年第3期51-62,共12页Journal of Bamboo Research

基　　金：四川省自然科学基金项目(2022NSFSC0097);四川省十四五育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0006);大学生创新训练计划国家级项目(202110626018)。

摘　　要：以23种箬竹属植物为研究对象,比较其在成都平原的引种成活率、笋期节律和新竹生长情况,并采用隶属函数法对其引种适应性进行综合评价。研究结果表明:(1)除粽巴箬竹引种成活率为66.67%外,其余22种箬竹成活率均为100%;23种箬竹在成都平原的笋期节律可以划分为早笋型(出笋盛期2—3月)、中笋型(出笋盛期3—4月)和晚笋型(出笋盛期3—5月)3种类型。(2)引种翌年23种箬竹的出笋率、新竹率均值为78.34%、67.35%,不同竹种之间存在显著差异;引种初期繁殖能力最强的是金平箬竹(出笋率171.34%、新竹率155.82%),最差的是胜利箬竹(出笋率5.79%、新竹率5.79%)。(3)23种箬竹引种翌年新竹平均株高、地径、单叶面积和竹丛的平均叶面积指数分别为40.59 cm、0.46 cm、79.99 cm^(2)、3.63,对23种箬竹的单叶面积进行聚类分析,可将其划分为大型叶、大中型叶、中小型叶、小型叶4种类型。(4)23种箬竹新竹的净光合速率均值为12.55μmol CO_(2)·m^(-2)·s^(-1),最高的是矮箬竹(15.78μmol CO_(2)·m^(-2)·s^(-1)),最低的是箬叶竹(6.11μmol CO_(2)·m^(-2)·s^(-1));叶绿素含量均值为3.03 mg·g^(-1),最高的是胜利箬竹(4.55 mg·g^(-1)),最低的是阔叶箬竹(2.16 mg·g^(-1))。(5)对23种箬竹的新竹率、叶面积指数、净光合速率、叶绿素含量4项指标进行综合评价,认为隶属函数均值排名前4位的竹种在引种早期已经表现出很好的栽培适应性,分别是美丽箬竹0.843、矮箬竹0.798、金平箬竹0.710、柔毛箬竹0.703,可以作为优良的地被竹和叶用竹资源在成都平原优先种植栽培。Twenty three Indocalamus species were taken as the research plants,and their introduction survival rate,shooting period rhythm and status of new bamboo growth in Chengdu were compared.Meanwhile their adaptabilities were comprehensively evaluated by using the membership function method.The results showed that:(1)Except for I.kerklotsii,the survival rate of the other 22 species was 100%;the shooting rhythm of 23 Indocalamus species in Chengdu area can be divided into three types:early shooting type(Feb.to Mar.at the peak of shoot emergence),middle shooting type(Mar.to Apr.at the peak of shoot emergence)and late shooting type(Mar.to May at the peak of shoot emergence).(2)The average shooting rate and new bamboo rate of 23 Indocalamus species in the following year were 78.34%and 67.35%;at the initial stage of introduction,I.jinpingensis had the strongest reproductive ability(shooting rate 171.34%and new bamboo rate 155.82%),and I.victorialis had the lowest(shooting rate 5.79%and new bamboo rate 5.79%).(3)The average plant height,ground diameter,single leaf area and average leaf area index of bamboo clumps of 23 Indocalamus species in the next year of introduction were 40.59 cm,0.46 cm,79.99 cm^(2) and 3.63,respectively.The single leaf area of 23 Indocalamus species can be divided into 4 types:large leaves,large-medium leaves,medium-small leaves and small leaves.(4)The net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of 23 Indocalamus species showed large difference.The average net photosynthetic rate was 12.55μmol CO_(2)·m^(-2)·s^(-1),the highest was I.pedalis(15.78μmol CO_(2)·m^(-2)·s^(-1)),and the lowest was I.longiauritus(6.11μmol CO_(2)·m^(-2)·s^(-1));the average chlorophyll content was 3.03 mg·g^(-1),the highest was I.victorialis(4.55 mg·g^(-1)),and the lowest was I.latifolius(2.16 mg·g^(-1)).(5)Based on the comprehensive evaluation of the new bamboo rate,leaf area index,net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of 23 Indocalamus species,it is considered that the top 4 bamboo species ranked in t

关 键 词：箬竹属 引种栽培 笋期节律 新竹率 叶面积指数 成都平原 

分 类 号：S795[农业科学—林木遗传育种]