不同供氯水平对烤烟生长发育的影响  

Effect of Chlorine Application rate on Physical and Chemical Properties of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：姜海霞 冉舞 陆引罡[1,2] Jiang Haixia;Ran Wu;Lu Yingang(College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Huaxi,550025;Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality Research of Guizhou Province,College of Tobacco Science ofGuizhou University,Guiyang,550025)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,花溪550025 [2]贵州大学烟草学院,贵州省烟草品质研究重点实验室,贵阳550025

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2022年第24期8340-8346,共7页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目(中烟黔科[2018]07号);贵州省烟草公司贵阳市公司科技项目(贵烟科[2019]02号)共同资助。

摘　　要：氯元素作为烤烟生长发育所需的微量元素,由于烟草的“忌氯”性,长期以来,人们研究的重点更多的放在了氯元素对考研的毒害研究方面,从而忽视了元素在烤烟生产方面的积极作用。本研究通过盆栽试验,以部分氯化钾代替硫酸钾作氯源,研究不同的氯化钾用量对烤烟理化特性的影响。结果表明:施加氯肥能促进烤烟生长发育,增加烤烟的生物量。当施氯量为2.80 g/株(即替代30%)时,最有利于烤烟横向生长,当施氯量为3.74 g/株(即替代40%)时,烤烟的株高、最大叶面积及生物量在所有处理中相对较好。随着施氯量的增加,烤烟含梗率和纤维素含量下降,在一定范围内,烤烟含水率和阴燃时间随施氯量的增加而提高。与不施氯肥相比,施加氯肥,能促进烤烟对全氮,烤后烟叶中全氮、全钾、烟碱、氯离子、总糖及还原糖的吸收,但对于磷的吸收在前期呈下降的趋势,到旺长期和成熟期,烟叶吸磷能力随着氯肥的增加而增加;当施氯量在1.85~2.80 g/株(即替代20%~30%)范围时烤烟各项化学指标处在较好的值内。成熟期烟叶的氮/碱、糖/碱、钾/氯值随着施氯量的增加大致呈降低的趋势,施氯量在1.85~2.80 g/株时,各项比值在一个较适宜的范围内。综合各项指标,在烤烟生产中,用30%氯化钾代替硫酸钾作为氯肥施用有利于烤烟生产。Due to the "chlorine-repellent" nature of tobacco, chlorine has been neglected as an essential nutrient element of tobacco. In this study, partial potassium chloride was used as chlorine source instead of potassium sulfate through pot experiment to study the effects of different potassium chloride dosage on the physical and chemical properties of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the application of chlorine fertilizer could promote the growth and increase the biomass of flue-cured tobacco. When the chlorine dosage was 2.80 g/plant(i.e. 30% substitute), the transverse growth of flue-cured tobacco was most favorable;When the chlorine dosage was 3.74 g/plant(i.e. 40% substitute), the plant height, maximum leaf area and biomass of flue-cured tobacco were relatively better in all treatments. With the increase of chlorine dosage, the stem content and cellulose content of flue-cured tobacco decreased, but the moisture content and smouldering time of flue-cured tobacco increased with the increase of chlorine dosage. Compared with no application of chlorine fertilizer, the application of chlorine fertilizer could promote the absorption of total nitrogen, total potassium, nicotine, chlorine ion, total sugar and reducing sugar in flue-cured tobacco leaves. However, the absorption of phosphorus showed a decreasing trend in the early stage, and the phosphorus absorption capacity increased with the increase of chlorine fertilizer in the flourishing and mature stage;The chemical indexes of flue-cured tobacco were in good value when the chlorine dosage was 1.85~2.80 g/plant(i.e.replacing 20%~30%). In the mature stage, the N/alkali, sugar/alkali, potassium/chlorine values of tobacco leaf decreased with the increase of the amount of chlorine applied. When the amount of chlorine applied was 1.85~2.80 g/plant, the ratio was in a more appropriate range. In the production of flue-cured tobacco, using 30% potassium chloride instead of potassium sulfate as chlorine fertilizer is beneficial to the production of flue-cured tobac

关 键 词：氯肥 氯化钾 生长发育 烤烟品质 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]