2017-2020年福州市市政供水化学污染物健康风险评价  

Assessment on health risk of chemical pollutants in municipal water supply in Fuzhou City from 2017 to 2020

作　　者：张秋[1] 沈波[1] 林华影[1] 林振武 ZHANG Qiu;SHEN Bo;LIN Hua-ying;LIN Zhen-wu(Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Fuzhou,Fujian 350004,China)

机构地区：[1]福州市疾病预防控制中心,福建福州350004

出　　处：《中国公共卫生管理》2022年第6期828-831,835,共5页Chinese Journal of Public Health Management

基　　金：福州市科技计划项目(2020—WS-122)。

摘　　要：目的根据福州市市政供水监测结果开展饮用水健康风险评价,对饮用水中化学物质造成的潜在健康危害进行定量评估,为加强饮用水污染治理提供依据。方法收集2017—2020年福州市市政供水监测数据,采用美国环境保护局(USEPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型评估水体污染物经饮水途径引起的健康风险。结果4种化学致癌物引起的致癌总风险为1.22×10^(-6)/a,致癌风险为:镉>砷>三氯甲烷>四氯化碳,以镉和砷为主;7种非致癌物引起的非致癌总风险为6.74×10^(-8)/a,致癌风险为:氟化物>硝酸盐>铜>铅>锰>铁>锌,以氟化物为主;综合健康危害风险为1.29×10^(-6)/a,以致癌健康风险为主。不同类型水样的健康风险为:末梢水>出厂水,郊县>城区。结论福州市市政供水11种化学污染物经饮水途径对人体产生的致癌、非致癌和综合健康危害风险均低于USEPA和国际辐射防护委员会推荐的最大可接受风险值,不会对人体产生明显的健康危害。非致癌物以氟化物为优先控制目标,致癌物以镉为优先控制目标。Objective To utilize municipal administration water supply monitoring results in Fuzhou City,develop health risk assessment of water supply,and do quantitative evaluation of potential health hazards from chemicals in drinking water,in order to provide reference for drinking water pollution control.Methods According to the monitoring results of municipal water in Fuzhou City from 2017 to 2020,the health risk assessment model recommended by the National Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)was used to evaluate the health risk caused by water pollutants through drinking water.Results The total carcinogenic health risk of caused by four chemical carcinogens through drinking water was 1.22×10^(-6)/a,the rank of carcinogenic health risk was cadmium>arsenic>chloroform>carbon tetrachloride.The carcinogenic health risk was mainly caused by cadmium and arsenic.The total non-carcinogenic health risk caused by seven non-carcinogens through drinking water was 6.74×10^(-8)/a,The rank of non-carcinogenic health risk was fluoride>nitrate>copper>lead>manganese>iron>zinc.The non-carcinogenic health risk was mainly caused by fluoride.The total health risk in Fuzhou was 1.29×10^(-6)/a,the total health risk was mainly caused by chemical carcinogens.The health risk of different types of water samples was tap water>finished water,suburban water>urban water.Conclusion The carcinogenic risk,non-carcinogenic risk and total health risk of 11 chemical pollutants in Fuzhou municipal water supply through drinking water are lower than the maximum acceptable risk value recommended by USEPA and ICRP.They are at an acceptable level and will not cause obvious health hazards.More attentions should be paid to fluoride for7 non-carcinogens,and cadmium and arsenic for 4 carcinogens.

关 键 词：市政供水 化学污染物 健康风险评价 健康危害 福州 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]