《食用盐碘含量》(GB 26878-2011)标准实施10年来山西省碘缺乏病监测评价结果分析  

Monitoring and evaluation results of iodine deficiency disorders in Shanxi Province in the past 10 years since the implementation of the standard of"Iodine Content in Edible Salt"(GB 26878-2011)

作　　者：王永平[1] 张向东[2] 郭百锁[2] 冀晶 张峰峰[3] 陈红云[3] 贾清珍[1] Wang Yongping;Zhang Xiangdong;Guo Baisuo;Ji Jing;Zhang Fengfeng;Chen Hongyun;Jia Qingzhen(Office for Managing Business,Shanxi Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Treatment,Linfen 041000,China;Department of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Keshan Disease,Shanxi Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Treatment,Linfen 041000,China;Clinical Laboratory,Shanxi Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Treatment,Linfen 041000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省地方病防治研究所业务办,临汾041000 [2]山西省地方病防治研究所碘缺乏病克山病研究室,临汾041000 [3]山西省地方病防治研究所检验科,临汾041000

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2022年第11期904-908,共5页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

基　　金：中央补助地方公共卫生服务地方病防治项目(2012 - 2021)。

摘　　要：目的了解《食用盐碘含量》(GB 26878-2011)标准实施以来山西省居民碘缺乏病病情及碘营养现况, 评价碘缺乏病防控水平, 为调整防治策略提供科学依据。方法综合回顾性分析2012 - 2021年山西省按照各年度全国碘盐及碘缺乏病监测方案要求开展监测的核心指标数据, 重点分析碘盐覆盖率、合格碘盐食用率、8 ~ 10岁儿童尿碘中位数及甲状腺肿大率、孕妇尿碘中位数等指标的变化趋势, 并分析以县(市、区, 简称县)为单位进行的碘缺乏病消除评价工作情况。结果 2012 - 2021年, 山西省碘盐覆盖率均> 95%;2012 - 2014年(新旧标准碘盐过渡期)合格碘盐食用率随着年份变化有上升趋势(χ^(2)趋势 = 2 703.32, P < 0.001), 2015 - 2017年(盐业体制改革前后)有下降趋势(χ^(2)趋势 = 122.18, P < 0.001), 2018 - 2021年(盐业体制改革后)有上升趋势(χ^(2)趋势 = 455.11, P < 0.001), 2018年起, 合格碘盐食用率均> 90%;2015 - 2021年, 盐碘含量均值稳定在23 ~ 25 mg/kg, 盐碘变异系数在15% ~ 18%。2014 - 2021年, 山西省儿童尿碘中位数总体处于200 ~ 250 μg/L, 孕妇尿碘中位数总体处于150 ~ 200 μg/L, 儿童甲状腺肿大率均< 5%。每年均有部分县孕妇碘营养不足, 2016年孕妇碘营养处于不足区间县占比较高, 为30.0%(12/40);2018 - 2021年孕妇碘营养处于不足区间县占比有下降趋势(χ^(2)趋势 = 9.37, P = 0.002), 2021年为11.1%(13/117)。2020年, 全省117个县均达到了碘缺乏病消除标准, 达标率为100.0%。结论现行盐碘含量标准实施10年来, 山西省合格碘盐食用率逐渐趋稳并保持在较高水平, 能够确保山西省碘缺乏病处于持续消除状态, 儿童及孕妇碘营养总体上处于适宜水平;但存在一定数量的孕妇碘营养不足县, 建议引导孕妇额外补碘或者单独设置孕妇盐碘均值标准。Objective To learn about the status of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD)and iodine nutrition of residents in Shanxi Province since the implementation of the standard of"Iodine Content in Edible Salt"(GB 26878-2011),to evaluate the level of prevention and control of IDD,and to provide scientific basis for adjusting prevention and control strategies.Methods The data of core indicators monitored by Shanxi Province in accordance with the requirements of the national iodized salt and IDD monitoring program for each year from 2012 to 2021 were comprehensively reviewed,and the change trends of the indicators such as coverage rate of iodized salt,consumption rate of qualified iodized salt,children's median urinary iodine and goiter rate,and pregnant women's median urinary iodine were analyzed;the evaluation of IDD elimination in counties(cities and districts,hereinafter referred to as counties)was analyzed.Results From 2012 to 2021,the coverage rate of iodized salt in Shanxi Province was remained>95%;from 2012 to 2014(transition period between new and old standard iodized salt),the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt had an upward trend(χ^(2)trend=2703.32,P<0.001),with a downward trend from 2015 to 2017(before and after the reform of the salt industry system,χ^(2)trend=122.18,P<0.001),and with an upward trend from 2018 to 2021(after the reform of the salt industry system,χ^(2)trend=455.11,P<0.001),from 2018,the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt remained>90%;from 2015 to 2021,the average content of salt iodine was between 23-25 mg/kg,and the coefficient of variation of salt iodine was 15%-18%.From 2014 to 2021,the median urinary iodine of children in Shanxi Province remained at 200-250μg/L,the median urinary iodine of pregnant women remained at 150-200μg/L,and the goiter rate of children remained below 5%.Every year,iodine nutrition of pregnant women in some counties was insufficient.In 2016,the proportion of counties with insufficient iodine nutrition of pregnant women was high,reached 30.0%(12/40);fr

关 键 词：碘 盐类 尿 甲状腺 营养 消除 

分 类 号：R599[医药卫生—内科学]