农村生活污水生态强化处理技术研究进展  

Research Progress of Ecological Enhanced Treatment Technology for Rural Domestic Sewage

作　　者：万喜萍 谭益民 周跃云 黄卓艺 戴烁婷 谭晓波 WAN Xiping(School of City and Environment,Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou,Hunan 412007)

机构地区：[1]湖南工业大学城市与环境学院,湖南株洲412007 [2]城市水安全排放及资源化湖南省重点实验室,湖南株洲412007

出　　处：《农业灾害研究》2022年第12期118-120,共3页Journal of Agricultural Catastrophology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“乡村厕所关键技术与研发应用”(2018YFD1100500)。

摘　　要：随着我国农村生活水平的提高和厕所条件的改善,农村生活污水排放量逐年增加。但长期以来,农村污水收集与处理的基础建设薄弱,大量生活污水仅仅经过化粪池简单处理后直接就近排放,严重污染了农村水体环境。根据住房和城乡建设部规定,至2025年我国农村污水处理率需达到40%。因此,亟需根据我国不同农村区域特征开发相适应的污水强化处理技术。相比其他强化处理技术,生态强化处理技术具有操作管理简单、建设与运行费用低等显著的优势,是农村污水强化处理的首选技术。对比分析了当前农村污水生态强化处理的主要技术工艺的特征,包括土地渗滤强化处理技术、氧化塘强化处理技术、人工湿地强化技术及相应的组合技术,以期为我国农村生活污水治理提供技术借鉴。With the improvement of rural living standards and toilet conditions in China, the discharge of rural domestic sewage was increasing year by year. However, the infrastructure of rural sewage collection and treatment had been weak for a long time. A large amount of domestic sewage is directly discharged nearby after simple treatment in septic tanks, which has caused serious pollution to the rural water environment.According to the regulations of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development,the rural sewage treatment rate in China should reach 40% by 2025. Therefore, it was urgent to develop appropriate enhanced wastewater treatment technologies according to the characteristics of different rural areas in China. Compared with other enhanced treatment technologies, ecological enhanced treatment technology has obvious advantages such as simple operation and management,low construction and operation costs, and was the preferred technology for rural sewage enhanced treatment. This paper systematically summarizes and compares the characteristics of the main technical processes of the current ecological enhanced treatment of rural sewage,including land infiltration enhanced treatment technology, oxidation pond enhanced treatment technology, constructed wetland enhanced technology and corresponding combination technology, in order to provide technical reference for rural domestic sewage treatment in China.

关 键 词：农村生活污水 生态强化处理技术 土地渗滤技术 氧化塘技术 人工湿地技术 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]