巴基斯坦棉花主要害虫及其综合治理  

Key cotton pests and their integrated management in Pakistan

作　　者：阿比德·阿里 王巧 杨龙 臧红岩[4] 吕昭智 ABID·ALI;WANG Qiao;YANG Long;ZANG Hongyan;Lü Zhaozhi(Department of Entomology,University of Agriculture,Faisalabad,Faisalabad 38040,Pakistan;College of Life Science,Shenyang Normal University,Shenyang 110000,China;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;School of Politics and International Relations,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;College of Plant Health and Medicine,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]费萨拉巴德农业大学昆虫学系,巴基斯坦旁遮普省费萨拉巴德38040 [2]沈阳师范大学生命科学学院,沈阳110000 [3]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [4]兰州大学政治与国际关系学院,兰州730000 [5]青岛农业大学植物医学学院,青岛266109

出　　处：《植物保护》2023年第1期82-88,共7页Plant Protection

基　　金：丝绸之路沿线重大入侵生物监测预警与生物防治(DL2021025001L)。

摘　　要：棉花是巴基斯坦重要的经济作物,棉花产品出口是该国外汇收入的主要来源。在过去10年中巴基斯坦棉花种植面积大幅减少,棉花产量也从2011年的261万t下降至2021年的154万t。烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci及其传播的棉花曲叶病和棉红铃虫Pectinophora gossypiella等有害生物危害是棉花产量下降的主要原因之一。目前,棉花害虫的防治主要依靠背负式喷雾器或机车式喷雾器喷施杀虫剂,无人机施药的政策及大规模推广应用尚处于起始阶段。害虫对杀虫剂抗性上升是目前害虫治理的主要问题。由于信德省和旁遮普省等传统植棉区棉花害虫发生比较严重,巴基斯坦政府计划在俾路支省和开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省扩大棉花种植面积。为了恢复棉花的生产,政府制定了一系列计划来提高害虫综合治理水平,如研发生物杀虫剂、转基因品种等。针对当前棉花生产过程中所面临的虫害问题,未来应更新害虫治理策略,加强对农业部门技术人员的培训,为巴基斯坦棉花的可持续生产提供技术支持。Cotton is an important cash crop in Pakistan and act as the major foreign exchange contributor. Cotton area and yield has faced a significant decline in the past ten years from 2.61 million tons(2011) to 1.54 million tons(2021). Bemisia tabaci and its transmitted cotton leaf curl virus disease couple with pink bollworm(Pectinophora gossypiella) are major concerns for the yield decline of cotton in Pakistan. Farmers have relied on applying insecticides using knapsack or tractor mounted boom sprayers to control pests, application of unmanned aerial vehicle is at initial stages in terms of policy and wide scale usage, pests’ increasing resistance to pesticides becoming a major issue in pest management in Pakistan. Due to higher insect pressure in traditional major cotton growing areas(Sindh and Punjab provinces), government focused on cultivating a larger area of cotton in Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces of Pakistan. In order to revive cotton production, a plan has been raised by the government to improve integrated pest management(IPM), and to develop new biopesticides and genetically modified(GM) varieties. Updating pest control strategy in connection with current agricultural issues faced by farming community may benefit sustainable cotton production in Pakistan.

关 键 词：BT棉花 棉红铃虫 杀虫剂 害虫综合治理 

分 类 号：S435.62[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]