4种茎叶处理除草剂对半夏田杂草的防除效果  

Efficacy of four post-emergence herbicides on weeds in Pinellia field

作　　者：兰献敏 冉海燕 何秀龙 陈仕红 李开阳 何永福[1] 叶照春[1] LAN Xianmin;RAN Haiyan;HE Xiulong;CHEN Shihong;LI Kaiyang;HE Yongfu;YE Zhaochun(Institute of Plant Protection,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science,Guiyang 550006,China;Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Hezhang County,Bijie City,Guizhou Province,Bijie 553207,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院植物保护研究所,贵阳550006 [2]贵州省毕节市赫章县农业农村局,毕节553207

出　　处：《植物保护》2023年第1期340-345,共6页Plant Protection

基　　金：贵州科研机构服务企业行动计划项目[黔科合服企(2018-4004)];贵州科技条件与服务能力建设项目[黔科合服企(2020-4007)]。

摘　　要：为有效解决半夏田草害问题,选择4种茎叶除草剂进行半夏田杂草防除田间药效试验。结果表明:10%乙羧氟草醚EC 50~60 mL/667m^(2)(制剂用量,下同)处理与240 g/L乳氟禾草灵EC 20~30 mL/667m^(2)处理能有效防除半夏田金腰箭、辣子草、土荆芥、金荞麦、紫花香薷、针筒菜、尼泊尔蓼等阔叶杂草,且对半夏安全,药后21 d对阔叶杂草株防效、鲜重防效均达90%以上,与禾本科除草剂8.8%精喹禾灵EC 40 mL/667m^(2)或108 g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵EC 30mL/667m^(2)搭配使用对半夏田大部分杂草能实现较好防除。但两种阔叶除草剂持效期较短(30 d左右),生产上可根据施药后期田间杂草发生情况,采用人工拔除或进行第2次化学防除;施药应避开中午高温时刻,以免造成此类阔叶除草剂药害。研究结果可为半夏田除草剂的合理选择和应用提供科学依据。In order to effectively solve the problem of grass damage in Pinellia field, four post-emergence herbicides were selected for test in Pinellia ternata field. The results showed that the treatment of fluoroglycofen-ethyl 10% EC at 50-60 mL/667m^(2)(dosage of preparation) and lactofen 240 g/L EC at 20-30 mL/667m^(2) could effectively control broadleaf weeds in Pinellia field, such as Synedrella nodiflora, Galinsoga parviflora, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Fagopyrum dibotrys, Elsholtzia argyi, Stachys oblongifolia, Polygonum nepalense, etc, and was safe to Pinellia ternata. The control efficacies on plant and fresh weight of broadleaf weeds were more than 90% after treatment for 21 days. When the two herbicides mixed with the gramineous herbicide quizalofop-P-ethyl 8.8% EC 40 g/667m^(2) or haloxyfop-P-methyl 108 g/L EC 30 g/667m^(2), good control effect on most weeds in P.ternata field could be achieved. However, the persistence of the two broadleaf herbicides was relatively short(about 30 days). In production, according to the occurrence of weeds in the field after application, manual removal or the second chemical control can be adopted, and the herbicides should be not used at midday heat to avoid the damage of crops caused by high temperature. The results can provide a scientific basis for the rational selection and application of herbicides in P.ternata field.

关 键 词：茎叶除草剂 半夏 杂草防除 防除效果 

分 类 号：S482.4[农业科学—农药学]