微生物几丁质酶研究进展及应用  

Research Advances in Microbial Chitinase and Its Applications

作　　者：王琳 陈雅如[1] 程湄婕 宋浩 曹英秀[1] WANG Lin;CHEN Ya-ru;CHENG Mei-jie;SONG Hao;CAO Ying-xiu(Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering(Ministry of Education),School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin300072,China;Qingdao Institute for Ocean Engineering of Tianjin University,Qingdao266237,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院教育部合成生物学前沿科学中心系统生物工程教育部重点实验室,天津300072 [2]天津大学青岛海洋工程技术研究院,青岛266237

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2022年第12期101-110,共10页China Biotechnology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2104400、2018YFA0901300);天津市青年人才托举工程(TJSQNTJ-2018-16)资助项目。

摘　　要：几丁质由N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖聚合而成,是自然界中仅次于纤维素的第二大类聚合物。微生物几丁质酶来源丰富,是生物降解或利用几丁质的主要媒介。野生型菌株几丁质酶产量低、活性弱,故近年来有关几丁质酶的研究侧重于对其产量及催化活性的提升等方面。此外,几丁质酶具有水解病原真菌细胞壁、破坏害虫体壁、生产N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖寡聚体或单体的应用价值,在医药、农业、食品加工等领域表现出巨大的市场潜力。综述微生物几丁质酶的来源、分类及工程改造,为后续几丁质酶的研究及开发利用提供参考。In nature,chitin is the second largest class of polymers after cellulose.Chitin is formed by the polymerization of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.The conversion of this abundant and cheap biomass feedstock into functional substances or energy by biorefineries is significant in terms of economic efficiency and environmental protection.There is a wealth of sources of microbial chitinase,which is the main medium for biodegradation or utilization of chitin.Since the low yield and ineffective activity of chitinase in wild-type strains limit the efficiency of the utilization of chitinous resources,recent studies on chitinase have focused on the enhancement of yield and catalytic activity.In addition,chitinases have the application value of hydrolyzing the cell wall of pathogenic fungi,destroying the body wall of pests,and producing N-acetylglucosamine oligomers or monomers,which show great market potential in the fields of medicine,agriculture,and food processing.This paper systematically summarizes the sources,classification and recent advances in engineering of microbial chitinases,as well as their wide applications in biotechnology and provides an outlook on the future development and utilization of chitinases.

关 键 词：几丁质酶 几丁质 生物炼制 壳寡糖 生物医学应用 

分 类 号：Q936[生物学—微生物学]