试论八二宪法修改的最低必要限度原则及其实现  

On the Principle of Minimum Necessity Limit for Amendments to the Constitution of 1982 and Its Realization

作　　者：杨海涛 Yang Haitao(Political and Legal Teaching and Research Department,Party School of Central Committee of CPC/National Academy of Governance,Beijing 100091)

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校(国家行政学院)政治和法律教研部,北京100091

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2023年第1期38-48,共11页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

摘　　要：八二宪法的5次部分修改均坚持最低必要限度原则,即“可改可不改的不改,必须修改的才改”。最低必要限度原则在八二宪法修改过程中首次提及,并为后续5次修宪实践遵循。该原则的生成蕴含了历史逻辑层面对八二宪法之前几次修宪的反思,理论逻辑层面平衡宪法稳定性与适应性的努力,实践逻辑层面减少争论凝聚共识的需要。宪法修改的最低必要限度原则在审慎启动修宪、限缩宪法修改的内容方面发挥积极作用,同时该原则具有模糊性,缺乏可操作性。为增强最低必要限度原则的可适用性,在判断主体上要发挥党的领导与充分发扬民主的双重优势;在判断标准上,可以尝试列举无需诉诸修宪的具体类型,同时针对不同章节宪法规范的各自特征,差异化把握最低必要限度原则,采取或严格或宽松的尺度;在判断程序上,要进一步增强党中央提出修宪建议惯例程序的规范化,完善和补充法定程序,实现惯例程序与法定程序的衔接互补。The five partial amendments to the Constitution of 1982 have all adhered to the principle of minimum necessity limit,that is,“what can be changed or not changed shall not be changed,and only what must be changed shall be changed”.The principle of minimum necessity limit was mentioned for the first time in the process of constitutional amendment in 1982 and followed by the subsequential five constitutional amendments.The generation of this principle contains the reflection on the several amendments before the Constitution of 1982 at the level of historical logic,the efforts to balance the constitutional stability and adaptability at the level of theoretical logic,and the need to reduce disputes and build consensus at the level of practical logic.The principle of minimum necessity limit of constitutional amendment has played a positive role in prudently initiating constitutional amendment and limiting the content of constitutional amendment.At the same time,it is vague and lack of operability.In order to enhance its operability,in term of the subject of judgment,we should give full play to the dual advantages of the leadership of the CPC and the full development of democracy.In terms of judgment criteria,we can try to enumerate the specific types that do not resort to constitutional amendment,and at the same time,according to the respective characteristics of constitutional norms in different chapters,we should grasp the principle in different so as to adopt strict or loose standards.In terms of judgment procedures,we should further enhance the standardization of the customary procedure for proposing constitutional amendment by the Central Committee of CPC,improve and supplement the legal procedure,and realize the connection and complementarity between the customary procedure and the legal procedure.

关 键 词：八二宪法 宪法修改 最低必要限度原则 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]