非法经营罪的价值预设与类型构造  

The Value Presupposition and Type Construction of the Crime of Illegal Business Operation

作　　者：尚勇 Shang Yong(Law School,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 50025)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学法学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2023年第1期105-116,共12页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：2020年贵州大学人文社会科学青年项目“经济政策视野中的经济刑法适用研究”(项目编号:GDQN2020009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：非法经营罪的限缩解释论似乎具有正当性,实则难以符合立法原意与惩治需求。客观解释论立场下的合规性管制说过于推崇解释者自己的价值判断,易使非法经营行为的犯罪评价丧失可靠的价值指引。非法经营罪的处罚范围是《刑法》第二百二十五条之价值预设“交易自由”与“国家管制”之间动态调和的结果。从交易自由与国家管制的价值权衡中产生两项具体的价值判断规则:其一,除非具有保护市场准入管制的特殊理由,否则不得干涉经营;其二,除非经营者违反市场经营过程管制且侵犯消费者的交易自由,否则不得干涉经营。据此,可以将非法经营罪划分为未经特别许可、未经普通许可和违反市场经营过程管制等三种违法行为类型,各违法行为类型在违法要素方面存在差异。作为违反市场准入管制型非法经营行为的预备或者帮助行为,买卖进出口许可证等行为的入罪解释应当受到严格限制。高利贷行为不构成非法经营罪。疫情期间哄抬物价,情节严重的行为,应当以非法经营罪论处。The restricted interpretation theory on crime of illegal business operation seems to be legitimate,but it is difficult to meet the intent of the legislation and the need of criminal punishment.The compliance regulation theory under the standpoint of objective interpretation over-emphasizes interpreter’s own value judgment,which makes criminal evaluation of illegal business operation lose reliable value guidance.The scope of punishment for the crime of illegal business operation is the result of the dynamic reconciliation between the“transaction freedom and state regulation”,which is the preset value of article 225 of the Criminal Law.Two specific value judgment rules arise from the value balance between transaction freedom and state regulation,of which one is that unless there are special reasons to protect market access regulation,no interference in business operation is allowed,the other is that unless the business operator violates the regulation of the administrative management about market operation process and infringes consumers’freedom of transaction,no interference in business operations is allowed.Accordingly,the crime of illegal business operation can be divided into three types of illegal acts:without special administrative licensing,without ordinary administrative licensing,and violation of market operation process regulation.Each type of illegal acts has differences in elements of illegality.As a preparatory or helping act of illegal business operations in violation of market access regulation,the interpretation of criminality of buying or selling import or export licenses should be strictly restricted.The usury act does not constitute the crime of illegal business operation,but the serious price gouging during the epidemic period should be punished as the crime of illegal business operation.

关 键 词：非法经营罪 国家管制 交易自由 价值判断 违法行为类型 

分 类 号：D924.33[政治法律—刑法学]