秸秆生物炭对水稻土和赤红壤磷素有效性及化学形态的影响  

Effects of straw biochar amendment on the availability and fractions of phosphorus in paddy soil and lateritic red soil

作　　者：宋文涛 田纪辉 董宇豪 黄美琳 陈火君[1,2] 蔡昆争[1,2] SONG Wentao;TIAN Jihui;DONG Yuhao;HUANG Meilin;CHEN Huojun;CAI Kunzheng(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学广东省生态循环农业重点实验室,广州510642 [2]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广州510642

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2022年第6期1422-1429,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31870420)资助。

摘　　要：为探讨生物炭对土壤磷素转化的影响,选择华南地区两种典型土壤(高磷水稻土和低磷赤红壤),通过土壤培养试验,研究添加不同剂量(0%、1%、2%和4%,分别用CK、T1、T2、T4表示)秸秆生物炭对土壤磷素有效性及不同磷组分随时间变化的动态影响.结果表明,不同剂量秸秆生物炭处理均能显著提高水稻土和赤红壤的全磷及有效磷含量,且增加幅度随生物炭添加剂量的增加而升高,培养第40天T4处理的水稻土及赤红壤的有效磷含量相比对照分别增加118.45%和6432.08%,赤红壤效果更为明显.不同剂量秸秆生物炭处理均能显著增加两种土壤的Fe-P和Ca-P含量,其中T4处理效果最为显著.培养第40天T4处理的水稻土中水溶性磷、Al-P、Fe-P、Ca-P含量较对照分别增加233.53%、14.95%、8.82%和55.65%,O-P含量则降低2.74%;赤红壤的Al-P、Fe-P、Ca-P含量分别增加71.35%、80.15%和124.73%,水溶性磷和O-P含量则降低7.14%和0.52%.随着培养时间推移,秸秆生物炭处理的水稻土和赤红壤酸性磷酸酶活性逐渐降低,碱性磷酸酶活性则逐渐升高.此外,培养初期添加秸秆生物炭显著降低了两种土壤的微生物量磷含量,但该抑制作用随时间推移逐渐减弱直至消失.综上所述,秸秆生物炭处理显著影响水稻土和赤红壤磷素的化学形态、微生物活性及磷素转化,增加磷素有效性,尤其对赤红壤作用效果更为明显,因此在化肥减施增效中值得进一步推广应用.(图7表3参50)This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dosages(0%, 1%, 2%, and 4%, represented as CK, T1, T2, and T4, respectively) of straw biochar on the availability and dynamics of different phosphorus(P) fractions in two typical soils(paddy soil with high P and lateritic red soil with low P) in South China. The results showed that different doses of straw biochar significantly increased the total P and available P in paddy soil and lateritic red soil, and the promotion increased with biochar dosage. On the 40th day, soil available P of the T4 treatment in paddy soil and lateritic red soil increased by 118.45% and 6 432.08%, respectively, and the effect of lateritic soil was more significant. Different doses of straw biochar significantly increased the contents of Fe-P and Ca-P in the two soils, and the T4 treatment showed the most significant effect. On the 40t h day, the contents of water-soluble P, Al-P, Fe-P, and Ca-P in the T4 treatment in paddy soil increased by 233.53%, 14.95%, 8.82%, and 55.65%, respectively, compared with CK, whereas the content of O-P decreased by 2.74%. The contents of Al-P, Fe-P, and Ca-P in lateritic red soil increased by 71.35%, 80.15%, and 124.73%, respectively, whereas the contents of water-soluble P and O-P decreased by 7.14% and 0.52%, respectively. Biochar application significantly decreased acid phosphatase activity and increased alkaline phosphatase activity in both soils. In addition, biochar application significantly decreased the microbial biomass phosphorus content at the beginning of cultivation;however, the influence gradually weakened and mostly disappeared by the end of cultivation. In conclusion, straw biochar significantly affected chemical P fractions, phosphatase activity, and microbial turnover in paddy soil and lateritic red soil, and the promoting effect of biochar on soil P availability was more significant in lateritic red soil. Our results highlight the potential application of biochar as an alternative to chemical fertilizers or soil conditioners to i

关 键 词：秸秆生物炭 有效磷 无机磷分级 磷酸酶 微生物量磷 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S153