生物有机肥对菠萝心腐病发生和土壤细菌群落结构的影响  

Effects of bio-organic fertilizers on pineapple heart rot and bacterial community structure

作　　者：胡英宏 任泽广 杨姝钰 赵艳[1] 王蓓蓓[1] 张晓波[2] 阮云泽[1] HU Yinghong;REN Zeguang;YANG Shuyu;ZHAO Yan;WANG Beibei;ZHANG Xiaobo;RUAN Yunze(College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou 570208,China;School of Tourism,Hainan University,Haikou 570208,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物学院,海口570208 [2]海南大学旅游学院,海口570208

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2022年第6期1444-1451,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31760605);海南省自然科学基金项目(320RC475)资助。

摘　　要：菠萝心腐病是菠萝农业生产中常见的土传病害,为明确生物有机肥施用防控菠萝心腐病发生的机制,选择连作发病严重的菠萝园土壤,在盆栽条件下研究3种载体(菜籽饼、泥炭土、椰糠)和生防菌株(枯草芽孢杆菌HL2、链霉菌株HL3)与普通有机肥共同堆制成的生物有机肥(KC、KN、KY、LC、LN、LY)对连作菠萝心腐病发生及土壤细菌群落结构的影响.结果表明:相比三元复合肥处理和普通有机肥处理,生物有机肥(KC)处理心腐病发病率分别降低20%、13.3%,防控效果最好.生物有机肥KC、KN、KY、LC、LN、LY施入后土壤细菌群落丰富度和多样性均显著高于三元复合肥,但生物有机肥KC、KN、KY处理相比生物有机肥LC、LN、LY处理更高,形成了明显不同的群落结构.与三元复合肥相比,生物有机肥KC、KN、KY处理明显富集了土壤中芽孢杆菌属和偶氮水单孢菌属细菌及酸杆菌门细菌属(Gp4、Gp6),而生物有机肥LC、LN、LY处理土壤链霉菌属细菌相对丰度则显著增加.通过Spearman分析发现,这些细菌类群的相对丰度与心腐病发生率呈显著负相关关系.综上,施用生物有机肥能改变土壤细菌群落结构,激发土壤有益微生物,显著降低菠萝心腐病的发生,对恢复菠萝连作土壤微生态平衡具有重要意义.(图6表1参40)Heart rot is a common soil-borne disease in the pineapple industry,but the situation can be alleviated by the application of bio-fertilizers with beneficial microbiomes.Clarifying the controlling mechanism of bioorganic fertilizer on the high incidence of heart rot is critical in monocultural pineapple cropping patterns.In our study,the soil of continuous cropping pineapple orchards was collected.Three types of carriers(rapeseed cake,peat soil,and coconut bran),biocontrol strains(Bacillus subtilis HL2 and Streptomyces strain HL3),and organic fertilizer(YJ)were composted into different bio-fertilizers(KC,KN,KY,LC,LN,and LY),which were used in pot experiments.The controlling effect of the bio-fertilizer was determined based on the response of pineapple heart rot and bacterial communities to different fertilizing methods.Our results revealed that the incidence of heart rot in bio-fertilizer KC was the lowest,which decreased by 20%and 13.3%,respectively,compared to HF(chemical fertilizer,16-16-16)and YJ(organic fertilizer).The richness and diversity of soil bacterial communities in all biofertilized treatments(KC,KN,KY,LC,LN,and LY)were significantly higher than those in HF.However,theα-diversity indices of the bio-fertilizers(KC,KN,and KY)were higher than those of LC,LN,and LY,and the bacterial community composition was significantly different.The bacteria GP4,GP6,Bacillus,and Azohydromonas were enriched in KC,KN,and KY,while the relative abundance of Streptomyces increased significantly in LC,LN,and LY.Furthermore,Spearman correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance of these bacterial groups was significantly negatively correlated with the incidence of pineapple heart rot.In summary,the application of bio-organic fertilizers can decrease the incidence of pineapple heart rot by altering the soil bacterial community structure and stimulating beneficial soil microorganisms,which is important for reconstructing the ecological balance in continuous pineapple orchards.

关 键 词：菠萝心腐病 生物有机肥 细菌 群落结构 

分 类 号：S436.68[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S154.3[农业科学—植物保护]