珠江河口鱼类分布现状及栖息水域特征  

Distribution and habitat characteristics of fishes in the Pearl River Estuary

作　　者：莫伟均 何用 王建平 何贞俊 杨聿 MO Weijun;HE Yong;WANG Jianping;HE Zhenjun;YANG Yu(Pearl River Hydraulic Research Institute of Pearl River Water Resources Commission,Guangzhou 510611,China)

机构地区：[1]珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院,广州510611

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2022年第6期1622-1628,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：广州市科技计划项目(201804010202)资助。

摘　　要：为探索珠江河口八大口门鱼类现状分布规律,于2018年同步采用水声学探测法和水质监测法开展研究.结果显示,八大口门以小型鱼类为主,大体长回波占比冬季大于夏季,蕉门和磨刀门是成鱼较为丰富的口门;冬季鱼类密度较大的为虎门、蕉门和崖门,分别为46.05(±50.30)、33.12(±40.93)和32.04(±43.78)ind/103 m3,夏季鱼类密度较大的为横门、磨刀门和虎跳门,分别为55.72(±83.23)、37.52(±66.55)和36.00(±44.99)ind/103 m3,冬季鱼类主要集中在潮流型口门,夏季鱼类主要集中在径流型口门;同一水域,涨潮时段鱼类密度大于落潮时段,且大体长鱼类占比较低;冬季影响口门鱼类生物多样性Shannon的关键水质因子为叶绿色a(P <0.05),而影响鱼类密度的水质因子为浊度和盐度(P <0.05).本研究表明珠江河口仍然是幼鱼主要栖息水域,栖息水域的环境特征具有时空变异性,需灵活开展河口鱼类保护区划定与生态修复工作.(图6表1参29)To explore the current situation and distribution of fish in the eight major estuaries of the Pearl River Estuary in China, acoustic detection and water quality monitoring were conducted in 2018. The results showed that almost living in eight major estuaries were juvenile, the proportion of strong echo was higher in winter, and Jiaomen and Modaomen Estuary were relatively rich in adult fish. In winter, the Humen, Jiaomen, and Yamen Estuary had a high density relatively, for 46.05(± 50.30), 33.12(± 93), and 32(± 78) ind/103 m3, respectively.However, the fish densities of the Hengmen, Modaomen, and Hutiaomen estuaries were higher in summer at 55.72(± 83.23), 37.52(± 55) and 36(± 99) ind/103 m3, respectively. Thus, fish are mainly concentrated in the flood tidal estuary in winter and in the ebb tidal estuary in summer. In addition, fish density was higher in flood tide than in ebb tide, and the strong echo proportion was lower. In winter, the key water quality factors affecting the biodiversity of estuary fish Shannon were chlorophyll a(P < 0.05), while what affected the fish density were turbidity and salinity(P < 0.05). This study showed that the Pearl River estuary was still the main habitat for juvenile fish. However, habitat variability is obvious;hence, it is important to flexibly carry out the delimitation of estuarine fish reserves and ecological restoration.

关 键 词：河口生态系统 八大口门 中华白海豚 声学探测 鱼类调查 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]