圈养大熊猫刻板行为的节律  

The rhythm of stereotypic behaviors in captive giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

作　　者：刘赫[1] 张轶卓[1] 张媛媛[1] 唐业忠[2] 方光战[2] LIU He;ZHANG Yizuo;ZHANG Yuanyuan;TANG Yezhong;FANG Guangzhan(Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technology,Beijing Zoo,Beijing 100044,China;Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]北京动物园,圈养野生动物技术北京市重点实验室,北京100044 [2]中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都610041

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2022年第6期1629-1634,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家林业和草原局大熊猫国际合作资金项目(2018-3)资助。

摘　　要：刻板行为通常是指在笼养环境下出现的不变和重复的无功能行为,相对野生环境下的行为而言是异常行为,常被作为评价笼养环境优劣的重要行为指标,因此具有重要的科学研究价值,然而目前诸多研究集中于环境对刻板行为的影响上,关于刻板行为的节律仍不清楚.以北京动物园的8只大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)为研究对象,在2018年1月至2019年12月,通过全天24 h的视频录像,采用焦点动物取样法和全事件记录法对圈养大熊猫的所有行为活动进行记录和分析,用以探明圈养环境下大熊猫刻板行为的节律.结果表明,幼年大熊猫没有刻板行为发生,而成年大熊猫均存在不同程度的刻板行为.成年大熊猫刻板行为的持续时间占全天的0.72%,全年刻板行为的高峰时段在上午7点至9点和夜间1点至3点,且夜间刻板行为的平均持续时间和平均次数均高于白天,但差异不显著.春季刻板行为的平均频次最高,冬季刻板行为平均持续时间最长,而且冬季白天刻板行为的平均持续时间最长,夏秋季白天刻板行为的平均持续时间最短,但夏秋季夜晚的平均刻板行为持续时间最长,且季节间不存在显著差异.综上,尽管差异不显著,但当前结果亦表明成年大熊猫的刻板行为可能存在昼夜节律和季节差异;由于成年和幼年大熊猫的笼养环境相似,提示刻板行为的产生可能与年龄有关,可能是后天环境作用的结果,或是适应环境的一种方式.(图4表3参43)Stereotypy can be defined as a repetitive behavioral pattern with no apparent function or target in captivity. It is considered an abnormal behavior in contrast to the behavior in wild habitats and is often used as an important index to evaluate the captive environment, which has a significant scientific value. Many previous studies have focused on the impact of environment on stereotypical behavior;however, the rhythm of stereotypy remains unclear. To determine the mechanism of stereotypy, eight giant pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)were investigated 24 h a day from Jan 2018 to Dec 2019, with focal sampling and continuous recording. No stereotypy in the juveniles was noted, while the adult giant pandas displayed different stereotypies. Mean stereotypy durations were 0.72% of the total activity in circadian rhythm, with a peak of mean durations in all seasons occurring at 7:00 am–9:00 am, while, in spring, there was a peak of mean duration at 1:00 am–3:00am. Although there was no significant difference, mean stereotypy durations and frequencies in the night were longer than those in the daytime. Mean stereotypy frequencies in spring reached the highest level, whereas mean stereotypy durations in winter were maximal. The adult giant pandas in the daytime showed maximal mean stereotypy durations in winter and minimal mean stereotypy durations in busy seasons(summer and autumn), whereas mean stereotypy durations at night were maximal in busy seasons. Despite no significant differences among these seasons, our results suggest that the stereotypy of giant pandas may have diurnal rhythms and seasonal differences. In light of the similar captive environment between adult and juvenile giant pandas, the appearance of stereotypy may be correlated with age, which may be the effects of the environment or a strategy of adaptation.

关 键 词：刻板行为 昼夜节律 季节差异 大熊猫 

分 类 号：S865.3[农业科学—野生动物驯养]