大学生村官政策对农村收入差距的影响研究--基于2015年和2017年中国家庭大数据1324个村社的实证分析  

Does College Graduates Serving as Village Officers Policy Narrowed the Income Gap in Rural Areas:Based on Empirical Analysis of 1324 Villages Chinese Family Database in 2015 and 2017

作　　者：陈思[1] 罗尔呷 Chen Si;Luo Erga

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学数学与信息学院,广州市天河区510642 [2]浙江大学中国农村发展研究院,杭州市西湖区310005

出　　处：《南方经济》2022年第12期82-98,共17页South China Journal of Economics

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金重大项目“乡村振兴与深化农村土地制度改革”(19ZDA115);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金“风险偏好、风险认知与农户小额信贷的‘自我排斥’研究”(22YJC790014);广东省自科基金“创业主体社区参与视角的可持续创业研究:以现代农业和乡村旅游为例”(2020A1515010464);广东省哲社基金“农户风险规避、小额信贷目标偏移与政策优化研究”(GD21YYJ13);广州市科技计划重点实验室建设项目(201902010081);大学生思想政治教育工作成果。

摘　　要：大学生村官作为推动农村发展的重要基层治理力量,在农村集体经济发展、农户增收与脱贫攻坚等方面发挥了重要作用。然而,在新形势下,大学生村官政策是否有助于农村实现共同富裕有待验证。文章基于2015年和2017年“中国家庭大数据库”(CFD)数据,使用固定效应模型实证检验了大学生村官政策对农村收入差距的影响。结果表明:大学生村官促进了农民收入增加,缩小了农村基尼系数,转移性收入、财产性收入和工资性收入的增加构成了大学生村官缩小农村收入差距的主要来源。文章采取替换核心解释变量、被解释变量、替换控制变量与更换估计模型(DID)等方法进行稳健性检验,并采用IV模型克服内生性问题后,结论仍稳健。进一步机制验证发现,大学生村官可通过提升“社会保障力度”与“社会治理水平”的中介路径来调节收入再分配,缩小农村收入差距。大学生村官政策效果存在异质性,其对资本禀赋较强地区(东中部、非贫困村与村支书学历高中以上)的收入差距缩小作用更加明显。可见,大学生村官政策能促进农村地区的共同富裕。政府应做好大学生村官政策与社会保障、社会治理水平建设政策的有机衔接,促使大学生村官更好发挥自身人力资本优势。同时,政府需因地制宜地实施差异化的制度安排,以确保政策效果的普惠性,助力农村共同富裕的实现。In recent years,China's rural development has undergone dramatic changes,with rapid growth in farm household income and a significant reduction in poverty to near zero.The reason for this tremendous achievement is that the Chinese government has not only focused on external support interventions,but also,and more importantly,has established an endogenous and long-term mechanism to improve grassroots governance.The policy of College Graduates Serving as Village Officers(CGVOs)is a typical example of the government's efforts to address the chronic shortage of talent in rural areas by directing high-quality human resources to rural grassroots areas.CGVOs is a typical practice that selects college graduates to serve as assistants to village chiefs(village clerks)to enhance the human capital of the grassroots governance force and promote the growth of rural collective economy,increasing farmers'income and tackling poverty.However,in the new historical period of the Chinese government proposes rural revitalization to achieve common prosperity,it is still essential to verify whether the policy of CGVOs has positively promoted the common prosperity for the rural areas,because the Chinese government is committed to promoting rural revitalization and achieving common prosperity.The article focuses on how the policy of CGVOs reduces rural income disparity,and establishes a theoretical framework:CGVOs join the village community and help rural disadvantaged groups,thereby improving income redistribution and reducing rural income disparity.The article theoretically and empirically analyzes the impact of CGVOs on rural income disparity with China Family Database(CFD)data in 2015 and 2017.The results show as follows:The policy of CGVOs promotes farmers’income growth,narrows rural Gini Index.Transfer income,property income and wage income are the main sources that CGVOs help narrow rural income gap.The research conclusions keep consistent after a series of robustness tests,including replacing core explanatory variables,explaine

关 键 词：大学生村官政策 农村收入差距 资本禀赋差异 共同富裕 

分 类 号：F320.3[经济管理—产业经济]