一种面向城市公共交通的异构数据匹配方法  

A Heterogeneous Data Matching Method for Urban Public Transportation

作　　者：张锦 陈谏滔 郭芊 龚文安 阮昌 ZHANG Jin;CHEN Jian-tao;GUO Qian;GONG We-nan;RUAN Chang(School of Information Science and Engineering,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China;Changsha Transportation Information Center,Changsha 410016,China;School of Computer and Communication Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学信息科学与工程学院,长沙410081 [2]长沙市交通运输信息中心,长沙410016 [3]长沙理工大学计算机与通信工程学院,长沙410114

出　　处：《软件导刊》2022年第12期133-139,共7页Software Guide

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(2021JJ30456);湖南省科技厅高新技术产业科技创新引领计划项目(2020GK2009);国防科工局国防基础科研计划项目(WDZC20205500119);湖南省交通运输厅科技进步与创新计划项目(201927);工业控制技术国家重点实验室开放课题(2021B10)。

摘　　要：当前中国大部分城市的公交车实行“一卡通制”模式,导致乘客的下车数据无法记录在数据字段中,因此对乘客下车点进行预测成为当下的研究热点。但在公交车的实际运营中,硬件设备的更换、路线的实时变化、司机随意改变行车路线的情况屡见不鲜,导致后续对乘客下车情况的预测误差较大,从而影响管理部门对城市公共交通的整体规划。因此,如何对前期数据来源的准确性进行核查是推动公交车数据信息化应用亟待解决的问题。以长沙市为例,依托长沙市交通综合运营协调与应急指挥中心系统,解决系统中字段不匹配问题,从技术角度出发提出一种面向城市公共交通的异构数据匹配方法。该方法首先找出不同字段在时间点上的对应关系,利用阈值分析整合公交IC卡刷卡数据与公交GPS的到离站数据,获得初始匹配率;然后,将不匹配的车辆信息作为实验结果报送相关部门进行数据审核,责令其反馈下一个月的车辆关系对应表;最后,将上月反馈的对应关系表与当月实验结果进行汇总,最终得到完整的车辆关系对应表。在将该策略应用到公交系统5个月后,长沙市公交数据匹配率从最初的61%提高到86%。Currently, most city buses in China implement the “one-card system” mode, which makes the passenger’s alighting data unable to be recorded in the data field. Therefore, the prediction of the passenger’s alighting point has become a current research hotspot. However, in the actual operation of buses, it is not uncommon for the replacement of hardware equipment, real-time route changes, and the situation where the driver randomly changes the driving route. As a result, the subsequent prediction errors for passengers getting off the bus are relatively large, which affects the overall planning of urban public transportation by the management department. How to verify the accuracy of the previous data sources is an urgent problem to be solved to promote the application of bus data informatization. Taking Changsha City as an example, This article relies on the Changsha City Transportation Comprehensive Operation Coordination and Emergency Command Center System to solve the problem of field mismatch in the system. In this regard, this paper proposes a heterogeneous data matching method for urban public transportation from a technical point of view. The method first finds out the corresponding relationship of different fields at the time point, and obtains the initial matching rate by using threshold analysis to integrate the bus IC card swiping data and the bus GPS arrival and departure data;then, the unmatched vehicle information is reported as the experimental result Relevant departments conduct data review and order them to feed back the correspondence table of vehicle relations for the next month;finally, by summarizing the correspondence table fed back from the previous month with the experimental results of the current month, a complete vehicle relation correspondence table is finally obtained. Five months after applying the strategy of this article to the public transportation system, the matching rate of public transportation data in Changsha City increased from 61% to 86%.

关 键 词：公共交通 数据匹配 异构数据 IC卡数据 GPS数据 TOCC 

分 类 号：TP391.1[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]