一种基于电磁耦合馈电结构的双极化微带天线设计  

Design of a dual-polarized microstrip antenna based on electromagnetic coupled feeding structure

作　　者：李希媛 郝晓云 蒋海涛 贺晓萌 杨沛卓 宋立众 LI Xiyuan;HAO Xiaoyun;JIANG Haitao;HE Xiaomeng;YANG Peizhuo;SONG Lizhong(Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology,China Academy of Space Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Shandong Institute of Space Electronic Technology,Yantai 264000,China;School of Information Science and Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology(Weihai Campus),Weihai 264209,China)

机构地区：[1]中国空间技术研究院钱学森空间技术实验室,北京100081 [2]山东航天电子技术研究所,山东烟台264000 [3]哈尔滨工业大学(威海)信息科学与工程学院,山东威海264209

出　　处：《现代电子技术》2023年第3期11-16,共6页Modern Electronics Technique

基　　金：国防科技重点实验室基金(6142401200401);航空科学基金(201901077005);国家自然科学基金项目(61971157);研究生教育教学改革研究项目(21MS068)。

摘　　要：文中设计了一种层叠结构的双极化微带天线,两个极化端口采用不同的电磁耦合馈电方式,激励起两个正交的辐射场模式,提高了极化端口之间的隔离度。设计的天线由三层介质极板组成,两个极化端口的馈电层分别位于不同的介质层上,端口1采用缝隙耦合馈电,端口2采用振子临近耦合馈电,两个极化端口均从地板底部输出,适合于阵列应用。设计了一种工作于X波段的双极化方形微带贴片,在馈电结构上进行了匹配设计,实现两个极化端口的匹配和隔离。采用全波电磁仿真技术进行了结构设计和优化,仿真结果表明,在工作频率为9.85 GHz和10.15 GHz的频率范围内,该天线的两个极化端口的电压驻波比均小于2,极化端口的隔离度大于26 dB;在中心频点10 GHz处的增益分别约为5.79 dBi和5.17 dBi,带内增益平稳;虽然两个极化端口互异,但是在E面和H面上,两个极化端口表现出相接近的方向图,主瓣宽度均在80°左右,在主辐射方向上的交叉极化电平低于-25 dB。研究结果表明设计的双极化微带天线具有高隔离度和较为对称的辐射方向图性能,适合于在双极化阵列天线中应用。A dual-polarized microstrip antenna with stacked structure is designed.The different electromagnetic coupling feeding modes are adopted at the two polarization ports to excite two orthogonal radiation field modes,so as to improve the isolation between the polarization ports.The designed antenna is composed of three layers of dielectric substrates.The feeding layers of the two polarization ports are located on different dielectric layers respectively.Port 1 is fed by slot coupling,and the port is fed by dipole proximity coupling.The output of both polarization ports takes place at the bottom of the ground,which is suitable for array applications.A dual-polarized square microstrip patch working in X-band is designed.The matching design is carried out on the feeding structure to realize the matching and isolation of two polarization ports.The structure is designed and optimized by the full wave electromagnetic simulation technology.The simulation results show that the voltage standing wave ratio(VSWR)of each polarization port for the designed antenna is less than 2 and the isolation degree of the polarization port is greater than 26 dB within the frequency range of 9.85~10.15 GHz,the gain at the center frequency point of 10 GHz is about5.79 dBi and 5.17 dBi respectively,and the gains within the whole band are stable.Although the two polarization ports are different from each other,the two polarization ports show up similar directional diagrams on the E and H planes,the main lobe width is about 80°,and the cross polarization in the main radiation direction is less than-25 dB for each port.The research results show that the dual-polarized microstrip antenna designed in this paper has the performances of high isolation and symmetrical radiation directional diagrams,and is suitable for application in dual-polarized array antenna.

关 键 词：微带天线 层叠结构 双极化天线 电磁耦合馈电 阻抗匹配 全波仿真 

分 类 号：TN82-34[电子电信—信息与通信工程]