社区形态对建筑用能的影响——CFD耦合模拟  

The Impacts of Neighborhood Form on Buildings Energy Use:CFD Coupled Simulation Method

作　　者：沈鹏元 SHEN Peng-yuan(School of Architecture,Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen),Shenzhen 518055,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)建筑学院,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《建筑节能（中英文）》2022年第10期1-10,共10页Building Energy Efficiency

基　　金：国家自然基金青年科学基金资助项目(52008132);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金资助项目(2019A1515111194);深圳市优秀科技创新人才培养项目(RCBS20200714114921062)。

摘　　要：建筑能耗取决于建筑形体、气候条件、建筑围护结构、使用者行为习惯、暖通空调系统与楼宇设备能效在内的多种因素,而建筑周围微气候环境如风环境,以及建筑所处社区的形态都是潜在影响建筑能耗的因素。开发了一种社区规模的耦合计算流体力学(CFD)建筑群能耗模拟方法,用来评价建筑外立面对流传热系数(CHTC)与社区形态对建筑能耗的影响。为了能够更好地量化分析CHTC与社区形态对小区内不同类型建筑物能耗的影响,6种不同类型的典型建筑被纳入到研究中,包括住宅、办公、餐馆、简餐馆、学校以及超市。研究发现每栋建筑的CHTC和建筑外墙表面温度(MWET)值在不同的社区形态下有着较大区别。在不同社区形态下,高层建筑的单位面积能耗强度(EUI)有着较大不同:办公建筑的EUI水平在不同社区形态下相较于平均水平的变化量最大可达到-10.2%~20.7%,而住宅建筑这一数值可达到-13.3%~19.2%。受到影响最小的则是餐馆类建筑,变化范围仅为-0.3%~0.3%。同时,本方法为如何设计社区形态、提高社区整体能源效率提供了设计决策支持。The energy use in building is affected by various factors including building shape,climate condition,building envelope,occupant use,equipment efficiency,HVAC system,and etc.Among those factors,the wind environment of the microclimate together with the neighborhood form,are potential factors influencing energy use.A neighborhood-scale building energy simulation scheme coupled with CFD simulation is developed.The Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient(CHTC)evaluated by CFD simulation is dynamically coupled to EnergyPlus simulation.To quantifiably understand how neighborhood form and wind environment will change the energy use in different types of buildings inside a neighborhood,the energy uses of residential,office,restaurants,school and market are evaluated.It is found that the CHTC and mean external wall temperature for each building can have wide distributions under different neighborhood forms.The daily energy use intensity(EUI)in high-rises including office and residential buildings varies from-10.2% to 20.7% and from-13.3% to 19.2% respectively against the mean EUI scenario of the neighborhood.The least impact from neighborhood form on specific building type is found to be full restaurant,whose variation in daily EUI is only from -0.3% to 0.3%.In addition,the simulation scheme proposed in this paper provides decision making support for the determination of the optimized neighborhood form regarding energy efficiency.

关 键 词：建筑能耗 风环境 建筑模拟 计算流体力学 社区形态 对流换热系数 

分 类 号：TU201.5[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]