基于缺失点云的飞机表面锪孔质量检测  

Quality Inspection of Hole Parameters of Aircraft Surface Based on Incomplete Point Cloud Data

作　　者：王红平[1] 刘鑫 赵世辰 王宇 王磊[1] WANG Hongping;LIU Xin;ZHAO Shichen;WANG Yu;WANG Lei(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130022,China)

机构地区：[1]长春理工大学机电工程学院,长春130022

出　　处：《光子学报》2022年第12期195-207,共13页Acta Photonica Sinica

基　　金：吉林省科技厅重点技术攻关项目(No.20190302019GX)。

摘　　要：为了实现飞机蒙皮锪孔的高质量检测,提出一种结构光锪孔参数检测方法。该方法基于正交投影建立空间圆锥参数模型,并采用傅立叶曲线和power函数优化模型,有效地避免了实际工程中锪孔点云缺失带来的检测精度下降问题。首先对原始点云进行降噪处理,根据边缘点集中分布在一侧的特点提取了上下边缘并拟合成平面,其次根据正交投影后锥角在XOZ坐标平面或YOZ坐标平面满足傅立叶变换的特点,建立了精确的空间圆锥数学模型,进而获取评价锪孔质量的参数。另外,考虑到被检锪孔本身轴线与坐标平面Z轴会存在偏差,即拟合的空间圆锥轴线与Z轴存在偏差,基于傅立叶变换曲线得出的极值差与法向偏差角之间的关系,提出了法向偏差角的优化数学模型,进一步保证了质量参数的准确性。实验验证了该算法具有更高的精度和更好的抗噪声性能。To realize the quality measurement of the spot facing of the aircraft skin,a structured light 3D vision inspection system is employed in this paper.Due to the high reflection of the workpiece and the influence of the noise,the system mainly solves the problem in the actual project.The acquisition of 3D point cloud data is partially missing.At the same time,due to the complexity of the surface parameter equation on the surface of the countersunk hole,the measurement of the normal deviation angle is difficult and accurate.Aiming at the above problems,the establishment of a spatial cone parameter model based on the orthogonal projection method for quality inspection of countersunk workpieces,and a mathematical model for optimizing the normal deviation angle parameters is proposed to improve the inspection accuracy.First,most points of the workpiece scanned by a point cloud camera are disordered and discrete.In the process of devising,normal estimation,and surface fitting of the original point cloud,it is necessary to operate based on the neighborhood.If there is no efficient auxiliary data structure,and if it is convenient to all points in space to have the k closest distances to a given data point index point,this time complexity will be very large for a large number of data points.KD tree,or k-dimensional tree,is a data structure employed in computer science.It mainly divides data through dimensions and efficiently manages highdimensional data.In this paper,KD-tree is used to determine a spatial index structure index of scattered points.The first crucial link in the quality inspection process of 3D point cloud spot facing is to denoise the original point cloud.The fundamental purpose of this operation is to remove the influences of point cloud noise and provide high-precision and high-quality 3D data for subsequent workpiece quality inspection.In this experiment,when a surface structured light camera is used to obtain the three-dimensional point cloud data of the workpiece,due to the complexity of the actual worki

关 键 词：缺失点云 曲面拟合 傅立叶曲线 锪孔 法向偏差角度 

分 类 号：TH39[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]