平均地权与要素市场化:历史比较与理论启示  

Equalization of Land Property Rights and Marketization of the Production Factors:Historical Comparison and Theoretical Enlightenment

作　　者：龙登高 黄一彪 LONG Denggao;HUANG Yibiao(Institute of Economics,School of Social Sciences,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Department of History,School of Humanities,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学社会科学学院经济研究所,北京100084 [2]清华大学人文学院历史系,北京100084

出　　处：《云南民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第1期85-92,共8页Journal of Yunnan Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国土地制度变革史”后期成果。

摘　　要：基于对17世纪以来主流思潮在地权分配上的认识进行历史比较与理论反思,可以看到清朝君臣认识到限田与均分的不可持续性,既反映了国家缺乏深入基层的触角以及对民间的有限干预理念,又呈现了国家对土地产权及其自由交易的保护与支持。但近代中国落后挨打,经济转型举步维艰,知识分子与社会对传统产权制度与地权市场深怀疑虑乃至否定,孙中山平均地权成为20世纪中国的主流思潮。随着新政权对基层控制能力的加强,平均地权付诸全面实践。至21世纪初,国家政策转向鼓励土地流转,由政府分配走向要素市场化的制度变迁,是当代中国市场经济道路的必然选择。With a historical comparison and a theoretical reflection on the dominant ideas regarding land distribution since the 17th century,this paper reveals that the emperors and ministers of the Qing dynasty recognized the unfeasibility of the restrictions on land ownership and the equalization of land ownership,which not only demonstrated the central government’s lack of the means for a deep understanding of the grassroots society and its idea of limited intervention in the affairs of the common people,but also mirrored the central government’s protection and support for land property rights and their transactions.However,in early modern times when China was a backward and defeated nation and faced much difficulty in economic transformation,not only the intellectuals but also the common people quite worried about or even denied the conventional property rights system and land-property market.In China during the 20th century,Sun Yat-sen’s equalization of land property rights became the dominant thought.With the new regime’s stranger control of the grassroots society,the policy of the equalization of land property rights was fully implemented.Since the early 21st century,our national policy has changed to support the transfer of land property rights,and the institutional transformation from the government allocation to the marketization of the production factors has become the unavoidable path taken by China’s market economy in contemporary times.

关 键 词：土地制度 土地流转 要素市场化 平均地权 限田均分 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]