叶面喷施钙镁肥对‘妃子笑’荔枝果肉苹果酸积累的影响  

Effects of foliar spraying of calcium and magnesium fertilizers on malic acid accumulation of‘Feizixiao’litchi fruit

作　　者：廖海枝 林晓凯 杨成坤 杜婧加 彭俊杰 周开兵[1] LIAO Haizhi;LIN Xiaokai;YANG Chengkun;DU Jingjia;PENG Junjie;ZHOU Kaibing(Engineering Research Center for Breeding of New Varieties of Tropical Crops,Ministry of Education,College of Horticulture,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学园艺学院,热带作物新品种选育教育部工程研究中心,海口570228

出　　处：《广西植物》2022年第12期2138-2146,共9页Guihaia

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31960570);海南大学世界一流学科建设经费专项(RZZX201906)。

摘　　要：为探讨叶面喷施钙镁肥对‘妃子笑’荔枝果肉苹果酸积累的影响,该文对‘妃子笑’荔枝树冠作喷布0.3%氯化钙(Ca)、0.3%氯化镁(Mg)及其二者混合(Ca+Mg)等水溶液处理,以树冠喷布清水为对照(CK),测定不同生长时期果肉水溶性钙和镁、苹果酸等含量及苹果酸代谢相关酶活性的动态变化,并作多元线性相关分析。结果表明:(1)苹果酸含量呈“L”型变化,Mg、Ca和Ca+Mg处理在果实发育前期促进苹果酸积累,Ca处理在后期促进苹果酸积累。(2)果肉水溶性钙含量总体呈上升趋势,水溶性镁含量大致呈“M”的动态变化趋势。(3)CK和Ca处理的苹果酸含量与NADP-ME活性、Ca+Mg处理的苹果酸含量与PEPC和NAD-MDH活性等均呈正相关,CK的苹果酸含量与PEPC活性、MS活性呈负相关。(4)水溶性钙抑制NAD-MDH、NADP-ME等活性,水溶性镁抑制NAD-MDH、MS等活性。综上认为,钙、镁叶面营养通过改变水溶性钙、镁等含量和苹果酸代谢途径不同关键酶活性而影响果肉苹果酸积累,其中Ca处理可能通过积累更多的苹果酸而抑制果肉呼吸作用,进而使果肉减少糖分损失,在生产中可作施肥技术应用。该研究结果为我国荔枝实际生产提供一定的理论参考和技术支持。In order to explore the effect of malic acid accumulation,spraying the foliar calcium and magnesium of‘Feizixiao’litchi,during the period of‘Feizixiao’litchi fruit development,0.3%magnesium chloride(Mg),0.3%calcium chloride(Ca),their mixture(Ca+Mg)and clean water(CK)were sprayed on leaves,and contents of water-soluble calcium,water-soluble magnesium and malic acid and the activities of malic acid metabolism-related enzymes in fruit flesh were measured.The multivariate linear correlation analysis were also performed.The results were as follows:(1)The content of malic acid showed a L-shaped trend,Mg,Ca and Ca+Mg treatments might promote the accumulation of malic acid in the early stage of fruit growth and development,while Ca treatment might promote the accumulation of malic acid in the late stage.(2)The content of water-soluble calcium in the flesh showed increasing trend,and the content of water-soluble magnesium showed the trend like“M”.(3)The content of malic acid was positively correlated with the activities of NADP-ME in CK and Ca,and PEPC and NAD-MDH in Ca+Mg,while the content of malic acid was negatively correlated with the activities of PEPC and MS in CK.(4)The water-soluble calcium inhibited the activities of NAD-MDH and NADP-ME,while water-soluble magnesium inhibited the activities of NADP-MDH and MS.In conclusion,foliar spraying of calcium and magnesium fertilizers can affect the contents of water-soluble calcium,magnesium and malic acid metabolism-related enzymes,and the linear correlation also changes.Different treatments can affect the accumulation of malic acid in pulp and cause the change of total acid content in pulp.Ca treatment may inhibit pulp respiration by accumulation of malic acid and then reducing the loss of sugar in pulp,which can be used as fertilizer technology in production.This results provide the theoretical reference and technical support for the actual production of litchi in China.

关 键 词：‘妃子笑’荔枝 叶面喷肥 水溶性钙 水溶性镁 苹果酸 

分 类 号：Q945.15[生物学—植物学]