转基因污染的形成和发展以及防控措施和法规对策  

Formation and Development of Genetic Contamination and Its Prevention and Control Measures and Regulatory Countermeasures

作　　者：王辉[1] Wang Hui(Shaanxi Polytechnic Institute,Xianyang,712000)

机构地区：[1]陕西工业职业技术学院,咸阳712000

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2022年第21期7100-7103,共4页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：陕西省委教育工委“三进”省级精品课程项目(SJ202025)资助。

摘　　要：基因污染是针对基因重组生物从实验室扩散到自然界中,基因重组生物有可能会对生态平衡产生破坏,甚至引起基因污染。无论是天然的基因漂移,还是非预期或不受控制的基因污染,其遗传学本质都是基因重组产生的结果。基因污染可能导致转基因作物授粉给附近生长的野生近缘植物、邻近农田的非转基因作物;转基因作物在自然条件下存活并发育成为野生的、杂草化的转基因植物;土壤微生物或动物肠道微生物吸收转基因作物后获得外源基因。一旦受到非预期或不受控制的转基因的污染,植物和微生物的生长和繁殖可能使基因污染成为一种蔓延性的、不可逆转的灾难。本研究系统地概述了基因漂移及基因污染的概念、形成原因、国内外现状、防控措施以及法规对策,以期为决策、争议评判以及公众认知提供理论基础和实践参考。Genetic contamination refers to the spread of recombinant organisms from the laboratory to the nature,and the recombinant organisms may damage to the ecological balance,and even lead to genetic contamination.Whether it is natural gene drift or unexpected or uncontrolled genetic contamination,its genetic essence is the result of gene recombination.Genetic contamination may cause transgenic crops to pollinate nearby wild relatives and non transgenic crops in adjacent farmland;Genetically modified crops survive and develop into wild,weedy transgenic plants under natural conditions;The foreign genes were obtained after the transgenic crops were absorbed by soil microorganisms or animal intestinal microorganisms.Once it is polluted by unexpected or uncontrolled transgene,the growth and reproduction of plants and microorganisms may make the genetic contamination a spreading and irreversible disaster.This research systematically summarizes the concept,causes,domestic and international status,prevention and control measures and regulatory countermeasures of gene drift and genetic contamination,with a view to providing theoretical basis and practical reference for decision-making,dispute evaluation and public cognition.

关 键 词：基因污染 基因漂移 转基因农作物 基因重组 生物安全 

分 类 号：D922.4[政治法律—法学] S188[农业科学—农业基础科学]