冰球比赛特征、体能需求及其测试方法综述  

Review of Game Characteristic, Physical Fitness Demand and Test Methods of Ice Hockey

作　　者：路恒 毛丽娟[1] 王然 LU Heng;MAO Lijuan;WANG Ran(Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院,上海200438

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2022年第11期43-50,共8页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会项目(21010503500);上海市扬帆人才项目(19YF1445800);国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项(2018YFF0300903)。

摘　　要：系统梳理与分析国内外冰球项目的比赛特征、体能需求及其测试方法。研究发现:1)冰球比赛中运动员需要进行4~10次上场轮换,每次上场时间为30~90 s,上场比赛期间需要交替进行低、中、高强度运动,在长时间中低强度滑行过程中需要频繁穿插多方向爆发式移动;2)冰球是一项高强度间歇性团体球类项目,比赛的整体负荷较高,运动员需要具备较高的力量、爆发力、速度、灵敏、无氧耐力和有氧耐力等体能素质;3)建议使用陆上深蹲最大力量测试反映力量素质,使用陆上下肢水平与垂直爆发力测试反映爆发力素质,使用陆上与冰上冲刺测试反映速度素质,使用陆上与冰上5-10-5折返跑、冰上S形绕弯测试反映灵敏素质,使用冰上重复冲刺滑行测试反映无氧耐力素质,使用冰上30-15间歇折返滑行测试反映有氧耐力素质。This study systematically combs and analyzes the game characteristics, physical fitness demand and testing methods of ice hockey domestic and foreign. It suggests that: 1) Athletes need 4 to 10 shifts during ice hockey games, each playing time is 30 to 90 s, athletes need to alternate low, medium and high intensity sports during the game, and frequent multi-directional explosive movements need to be interspersed during a long period of low and medium intensity sliding;2) ice hockey as a high-intensity intermittent team ball project with the high overall load during the game. Ice hockey players need to have a high level of strength, power,speed, sensitivity, anaerobic endurance, aerobic endurance and other physical qualities;3) it is recommended to use off-ice squat maximum strength test to reflect strength quality, using office upper and lower limb horizontal and vertical explosive force test to reflect explosive quality,using off and on-ice sprint test to reflect speed quality, using off and on-ice 5-10-5 turn back run test and on-ice S corner test to reflect sensitivity quality, using on-ice repeated sprint gliding test to reflect anaerobic endurance quality, using on-ice 30-15 intermittent ice glide test to reflect aerobic endurance qualities.

关 键 词：冰球 比赛特征 冰上运动表现 体能测试 

分 类 号：G862.3[文化科学—体育训练]