北欧腘绳肌离心力量训练对足球专项股后肌群损伤人群下肢对称性的影响  

Influence of Nordic Hamstring Eccentric Training on Lower-Limb Symmetry in Football-Specific Hamstring Injury Athletes

作　　者：邱岑 李翰君[1] QIU Cen;LI Hanjun(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Xiamen Qiaodan Technology Co.Ltd.,Fujian 361006,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084 [2]厦门乔丹科技有限公司,福建厦门361006

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2022年第11期63-68,共6页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81572212)。

摘　　要：目的:检验北欧腘绳肌离心力量训练(nordic hamstring exercise,NHE)对于提高股后肌群力量、柔韧性及其双侧对称性的有效性;进一步探究NHE对疾跑过程中髋关节和膝关节关节角度对称性的影响。方法:招募足球专项男性运动员13名,其中7名有股后肌群损伤史(损伤组),6名无下肢损伤史(健康组)。所有受试者入组后照常进行训练,此外损伤组还需按照训练计划完成为期4周的NHE。在干预前后1周内,分别采集2组受试者的双侧股后肌群力量、柔韧性参数以及35 m疾跑过程中的运动学数据。其中柔韧性参数通过被动直腿抬高实验测得的髋关节最大屈曲角度来表征,并进一步计算双侧股后肌群力量不对称指数和双侧柔韧性不对称指数,以及在疾跑过程中着地时刻、地面反作用力(ground reaction force,GRF)最大时刻及离地时刻的髋、膝关节角度不对称指数。结果:4周的NHE显著提高了损伤组股后肌群力量(P=0.009)和柔韧性(P=0.022)。同时,训练还能改善损伤组股后肌群柔韧性的不对称指数(P=0.010)。此外,训练显著降低了疾跑过程中着地时刻(P=0.049)和GRF最大时刻(P=0.010)髋角的不对称指数。结论:4周的NHE能够在一定程度上增强股后肌群力量,提高柔韧性。训练虽然没有改善股后肌群力量的不对称性,但是提高了下肢柔韧性的对称性和疾跑过程中髋关节角度的对称性。Objective: To test the effectiveness of Nordic hamstring exercise for improving the strength, flexibility and bilateral symmetry of the hamstring;further explore the effect of Nordic hamstring exercise on the symmetry of the hip and knee joint angles during sprinting. Methods:Thirteen male sprinting athletes participated, of whom seven got injured(injury group) and six were healthy(healthy group). All subjects continued the daily training, and the injury group completed a 4-week Nordic hamstring exercise according to the training plan. Within one week before and after the intervention, the kinematics data, the strength and flexibility parameters of the bilateral hamstring were collected during the 35 m sprint of the subjects. The flexibility parameter was characterized by the maximum flexion angle of the hip joint obtained by the passive straight leg elevation experiment, and further calculate the bilateral hamstring strength asymmetry index and bilateral flexibility asymmetry index, as well as in the process of sprinting, the time of landing, the maximum ground reaction force(GRF) and the time of the ground off the hip joint and knee joint angle asymmetry index. Results: The 4-week Nordic hamstring exercise significantly improved the strength(P=0.009) and flexibility(P=0.022) of the hamstring of the injury group. At the same time, training can also improve the asymmetry index of the flexibility of the hamstring in the injury group(P=0.010). In addition, training reduced the asymmetry index of the hip angle at the moment of landing and the moment of maximum GRF during sprinting(P=0.049, P=0.010). Conclusions: The 4-week Nordic hamstring exercise can improve the strength of the hamstring and the flexibility of the hamstring to a certain extent. Although the training did not reduce the asymmetry of the bilateral hamstring strength, it improved the symmetry of the flexibility of the lower limbs and the symmetry of the hip angle during sprinting.

关 键 词：股后肌群损伤 腘绳肌离心力量训练 股后肌群力量 股后肌群柔韧性 步态对称性 

分 类 号：G804.53[文化科学—运动人体科学]