运动员水合状态评定与优化策略的研究进展  

Research Progress of Athlete’s Hydration Status Evaluation and Optimization Strategies

作　　者：冯亦唯 房国梁[1] 汪涵 覃飞[1,2] 耿雪 瞿超艺 董亚南 徐旻霄 赵丽娜[1] 赵翠翠 赵杰修 FENG Yiwei;FANG Guoliang;WANG Han;QIN Fei;GENG Xue;QU Chaoyi;DONG Ya’nan;XU Minxiao;ZHAO Lina;ZHAO Cuicui;ZHAO Jiexiu(China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China;Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China;Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Beijing Research Institute of Sports Science,Beijing 100075,China)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [2]暨南大学,广东广州510632 [3]北京体育大学,北京100084 [4]北京市体育科学研究所,北京100075

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2022年第11期69-75,共7页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项(2019YFF0301600);国家自然科学基金项目(11775059);国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(基本19-22)。

摘　　要：基于国内外文献,从水合状态对运动员健康和运动能力的影响、运动员水合状态的评价指标与方法、运动员的补液策略3方面进行总结后发现:过低或过高的水合状态可能会增加运动员的健康风险并影响运动能力;目前,每种水合状态的评价指标与方法均有其优缺点,国内外学术界尚无统一的评价“金标准”;建议科研人员和教练员选择多种评价方法,综合分析多指标结果,并从多方面、多角度制定补液策略;运动员作为补液最重要的主体,需要增强补液意识,提高补液自主性。Based on domestic and foreign literature, this study summarizes the effects of hydration on health and athletic ability, evaluation indicators and methods of hydration, rehydration strategies in athletes. The review shows that hyperhydration and dehydration may increase health risks and impair athletic ability;at present, each evaluation index and method of hydration has its advantages and disadvantages;there is no consensus on a “gold standard” for hydration markers in academic circles at home and abroad;it is recommended that researchers and coaches select multiple methods and analyze the results of multiple indices, and formulate rehydration strategies from multiple aspects and perspectives. Athletes, as the most important subjects of rehydration, they should enhance the awareness of rehydration and improve the autonomy in rehydration.

关 键 词：水合状态 运动员 脱水 补液 

分 类 号：G804.7[文化科学—运动人体科学]