超低温冷冻治疗在运动实践中应用的研究进展  

Research Progress of the Application of Cryotherapy in Exercise

作　　者：王泽文 王润极 李海鹏[3] 殷越 范永召 吴昊[1] WANG Zewen;WANG Runji;LI Haipeng;YIN Yue;FAN Yongzhao;WU Hao(Capital University of Physical Ed‐ucation and Sports,Beijing 100191,China;Changchun Normal University,Changchun 130032,China;China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China)

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院,北京100191 [2]长春师范大学,吉林长春130032 [3]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2022年第11期76-84,共9页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项(2018YFF0300902)。

摘　　要：梳理有关超低温冷冻治疗的研究文献,对超低温冷冻治疗应用于运动实践的研究现状和发展方向进行综述。超低温冷冻治疗可分为全身冷冻治疗和局部身体冷冻治疗。2种方法都是通过低温刺激促进机体的恢复,但也在降温材料、冷疗部位、冷疗温度和冷疗姿势等方面有所不同。超低温冷冻治疗能有效改善高强度运动引起的氧化应激、限制运动后炎症反应的发生、增加骨密度来改善骨骼健康、增加静息能量消耗。超低温冷冻治疗可通过促进运动后的副交感神经再激活提高睡眠质量,还可促进运动引起的肌肉损伤恢复并提高运动表现。单次的超低温冷冻治疗可能会影响下肢爆发力,但长期进行超低温冷冻治疗会出现一定的适应性,消除对运动表现的负面影响。目前研究多建议在运动后60 min内进行150 s、-140℃~-110℃的超低温冷冻治疗。个性化的治疗方案和极端环境下运动后的治疗效果是超低温冷冻治疗领域未来研究的发展方向。如何消除潜在的安慰剂效应,获得高质量的证据来证明超低温冷冻治疗的效果,也是超低温冷冻治疗获得更多支持的关键。This study summaries the current status and makes prospect of developing direction of cryotherapy in sports practice via reviewing the research papers over the years.Cryotherapy is generally divided into whole body cryotherapy and partial body cryotherapy.Both methods promote recovery of the body through ultra-low temperature stimulation,but there are also differences in cooling materials,body parts of cryotherapy,temperature and posture of cryotherapy.Cryotherapy effectively improves oxidative stress caused by high-intensity exercise,limits post-exercise inflammation,improves bone health by increasing bone mineral density,and increases resting energy expenditure.Cryotherapy improves sleep quality by promoting parasympathetic reactivation after exercise,promotes exercise-induced muscle damage recovery and improves athletic performance.Single cryotherapy may reduce lower limb explosive power,but regular cryotherapy may show some adaptability and eliminate the negative effects on athletic performance.It is recommended that cryotherapy with duration of 150 s and temperature of-140℃to-110℃be received within 60 min after exercise.Customized cryotherapy protocol and post-exercise cryotherapy effect in extreme environment are the future development direction of cryotherapy.How to eliminate the potential placebo effect and obtain high-quality evidence to prove the effect of cryotherapy is also the key to gain more support for cryotherapy.

关 键 词：超低温冷冻治疗 全身冷冻治疗 局部身体冷冻治疗 运动表现 

分 类 号：G804.5[文化科学—运动人体科学]