高寒气候下集合住宅顶层节能设计策略研究——以西宁为例  

An Energy-Saving Design Strategy for Congregated Housing in an Alpine Climate : A Xining Case Study

作　　者：汪珊珊 武玉艳 汪留成 WANG Shanshan;WU Yuyan;WANG Liucheng

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学镐京学院 [2]西安建筑科技大学建筑学院 [3]上海可造建筑设计有限公司

出　　处：《南方建筑》2023年第1期72-80,共9页South Architecture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0700200):目标和效果导向的绿色建筑设计新方法及工具。

摘　　要：集合住宅顶层外表面积大,室内、外热环境交互敏感,在太阳能富集、冬季寒冷漫长的气候环境下,直接利用太阳辐射热节约采暖用能的潜力大。以西宁地区为例,建立集合住宅顶层的典型空间模型,采用Designbuilder能耗模拟软件,从户内空间组合、单一空间、围护界面形态构造3个层级分析太阳辐射热作用下其设计要素与顶层采暖用能的关联性。总结住宅顶层的节能设计策略,并从设计要素利用太阳辐射热对采暖用能的节能贡献率角度,对设计策略进行优先级排序。为建筑师开展强化太阳辐射热利用效果的设计应用提供依据。The regional climatic conditions of high altitude, strong solar radiation, and cold winter in Xining create the ideal circumstances to increase the direct use of solar radiation resources and thereby reduce heating energy demand. Congregated housing is the main type of urban building, and heating energy forms the bulk of building energy consumption. From the perspective of green building design, each floor of a congregated house incurs different heating energy demands due to the different surface areas of its outer envelope and different heat conduction methods.Among them, the top floor has a large exterior area, and the indoor thermal environment is sensitive to the outdoor climate environment. On one hand, it is easy to lose heat. On the other hand, the surface area receives significantdirect solar irradiation. Therefore, it createsoutstanding conditions for solar radiation heat utilization. In addition, the top floor of congregated housing is usually treated separately by architects and is the most active part of the building in term of shape changes and space treatment.Therefore, it is important to develop a comprehensive energy-saving design strategy for the top floor of buildings under solar energy-rich climatic conditions.As such, a case study based on high-rise aggregate residential buildings in Xining was carried out. Typical spatial models of their top floors were established, which consisted ofsouth-faced partial leap space combination mode, north-south leap space combination mode, and flat floor space combination mode. A total of six design elements were extracted using the Designbuilder energy consumption simulation software and divided into three levels: indoor space combination, single space, and envelope interface form. The six design elements included indoor space combination, south-facing additional balcony, south elevation window, roof skylight, roof slope, and roof structure. The correlation between design elements and top floors’ heating energy use under the effect of solar radiant heat was

关 键 词：太阳辐射热利用 被动式设计 节能 西宁 集合住宅 建筑顶层 

分 类 号：TU201.5[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论] TU119