南北山歌及其美学透视  

Northern and Southern Folk Songs and Their Aesthetic Differences

作　　者：齐柏平[1] QI Boping(School of Arts,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学艺术学院,北京100872

出　　处：《贵州大学学报（艺术版）》2023年第1期104-116,共13页Journal of Guizhou University Art Edition

摘　　要：山歌比较全面的意思应该是“山水之歌”,是与人们的饮食起居的生活区有一定距离的山野、户外之曲,是一种在比较开阔的地理空间演唱的歌曲。山歌音调比较高亢,节奏比较自由,情感极为真挚。山歌分一般山歌、田秧山歌和放牧山歌。一般山歌主要分布在西北黄土高原和西南云贵高原,北方山歌险峻崇高、粗犷豪放,南方山歌开放回荡、仁厚柔美;田秧山歌主要分布在长江流域及其以南的地区,是集体劳动时表演的,以讲故事为主,具有集体性、群众性和即兴性;放牧山歌主要分布在我国草原、牧场、坝子、江河边和山坡的草地等适合放牧的地方,气息悠长、节奏宽广、旋律优美,北方更大气,南方更灵活。The more comprehensive meaning of Shan-ge(folk songs) should be defined as “the songs of mountains and rivers”, a kind of outdoor songs far from people’s living areas, or a kind of songs better performed in a relatively open geographical space. The folk songs have high tones, comparatively unfixed rhythms and sincere emotions, which generally are divided into common folk songs, field songs and pastoral songs. The common folk songs are mainly scattered in the northwest Loess Plateau and the southwest Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The northern folk songs are lofty, coarse and unconstrained, while the southern folk songs are resonant, soft and gentle. Field songs are mainly distributed in the Yangtze River basin and its southern regions. They are performed during the collective labor, mainly telling stories, and thus are collective, popular, and spontaneous. Pastoral songs are mainly distributed in the grasslands, pastures, and areas around lakeside, riverside and hillside suitable for grazing. They have a long tune, broad rhythm and beautiful melody. The northern folk songs are more magnificent, while the southern ones are more flexible.

关 键 词：山歌 田歌 牧歌 南方山歌 北方山歌 美学 

分 类 号：J601[艺术—音乐]