络新妇蜘蛛生理生态学研究进展  

A Review on Ecophysiology of Nephilid Spiders

作　　者：陈连水[1] 袁凤辉[1] CHEN Lianshui;YUAN Fenghui(Collegeof Chemistry,Biology and Material Science,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学化学生物与材料科学学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《生物灾害科学》2022年第4期365-378,共14页Biological Disaster Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31201718);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2017104020)。

摘　　要：络新妇蜘蛛泛指那些结复杂圆网、有异常性行为的类群,如棒络新妇等。虽然该类群种类不多,亲缘关系也相对独立,但其分类地位一直存在争议,目前仍归属于园蛛科。在经历了数百万年的演化发生后,络新妇蜘蛛从非洲迁栖扩散到世界各地,具备了许多独特功能和特性,成为蜘蛛目中最成功的类群之一。它是最常见的农林害虫捕食性天敌,具有蛛体大、分布广、数量多、捕食能力强、食量大、居留较稳定等特点。另外,它还有较强的环境指示作用,其毒素和纺丝等具有很高的开发和利用价值。从生物生态学特性、生物地理与系统发生、毒素生理生态特性、摄食生理生态特性、结网生理生态特性、生殖生理与系统演化6个方面对络新妇蜘蛛生理生态学研究进行综述,旨在细化和拓展蛛形及生态学研究,架起蜘蛛形态学、生理学、生物化学与分子生物学、细胞学、遗传学到生态学功能和进化等方面的桥梁。Nephilid spiders generally refer to those orb-weaving spider groups, with weave complex webs and have abnormal sexual behaviors, such as Nephila clavata and so on. Although the species of this group are not many and their relationship is relatively independent, their taxonomic status has been controversial and still belongs to the family Araneidae. After millions of years of evolution, the nephilid spiders have migrated from Africa to the rest of the world, with many unique functions and characteristics, and become one of the most successful group of Araneae. They are the most common predatory natural enemies of agricultural and forestry pests, which have the characteristics of a large spider body, wide distribution, a large number, strong predation ability, a large amount of food, as well as stable residence and so on. In addition, they also have strong environmental indication, and their toxin and spinning have high development and utilization values. This paper reviews the eco-physiological studies of nephilid spiders from six aspects: bio-ecological characteristics,biogeography and phylogeny, toxin physiological ecological characteristics, feeding physiological ecological characteristics, network physiological ecological characteristics, reproductive physiology and systemic evolution. The paper aims to refine and expand the study of arachnology and ecology, and to build bridges between spider morphology, physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, cytology, heredity as well as ecological function and evolution, etc.

关 键 词：络新妇 蜘蛛 生理生态学 

分 类 号：Q955[生物学—动物学] Q958.1