硫酸氢铵循环法制湿法磷酸及其萃取分离条件研究  

Study on Wet Phosphoric Acid by Ammonium Bisulfate Cycle and its Extraction and Separation Conditions

作　　者：马糯 陈太丹 周骏宏[1] Ma Nuo;Chen Taidan;Zhou Junhong(Phosphorus Chemical Laboratory of Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities,Duyun 558000,China)

机构地区：[1]黔南民族师范学院磷化工实验室,贵州都匀558000

出　　处：《山东化工》2022年第24期22-25,共4页Shandong Chemical Industry

基　　金：贵州省2020大学生创新项目(项目编号:S202010670009);贵州高校乡村振兴中心资助项目/黔南州科技计划项目(黔南科合工字[2019]14号);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般307)/黔南州科技项目[2021]28号/黔南州科技项目[2022]14号;黔南州科技项目[2022]17号。

摘　　要：为了解决电热法和湿法制备磷酸的工艺复杂、耗电量大、对磷矿品位要求高、制得的磷酸浓度低等问题,本实验采取低品位磷矿与硫酸氢铵为原料制备磷酸,并对磷酸的萃取分离条件进行探究。试验结果表明,在反应温度为70℃、硫酸氢铵过量、搅拌速度为340 r/min、反应时间为1 h条件下,磷酸的产率可达94%。有机溶剂甲醇、乙醇能够萃取出硫酸铵,随着有机溶剂的增加硫酸铵的溶解度降低,温度对硫酸铵的溶解度影响较小,在高温条件下,硫酸铵的溶解度增大;不同浓度磷酸对硫酸铵的溶解度影响较小,在26.30%~36.73%之间波动;磷酸对甲醇水溶液的蒸馏基本无影响。实验实现了对低品位磷矿的利用与硫酸氢氨的循环利用。In order to solve the problems of complex process,high power consumption,high requirements for phosphate ore taste and low concentration of phosphoric acid prepared by electrothermal method and wet method,this experiment adopts low grade phosphate ore and ammonium bisulfate as raw materials to prepare phosphoric acid,and discusses the extraction and separation conditions of phosphoric acid.The results show that the yield of phosphoric acid can reach 94%under the conditions of reaction temperature of 70℃,excessive ammonium bisulfate,stirring speed of 340 r/min and reaction time of 1 h.Organic solvents methanol and ethanol can extract ammonium sulfate.With the increase of organic solvents,the solubility of ammonium sulfate decreases.Temperature has little effect on the solubility of ammonium sulfate,and the solubility of ammonium sulfate increases at high temperature.Different concentration of phosphoric acid has little effect on the solubility of ammonium sulfate,which fluctuates between 26.30%and 36.73%.Phosphoric acid had little effect on the distillation of methanol aqueous solution.The experiment realized the utilization of low grade phosphate rock and the recycling of ammonia bisulfate.

关 键 词：硫酸氢铵 磷矿 磷酸 溶解度 

分 类 号：O643.32[理学—物理化学]