夏季补饲甜菜碱、维生素及电解质离子复合添加剂对围产期和泌乳前期奶牛生产性能、能量平衡及血清生化指标的影响  

Effects of Supplementation of Betaine,Vitamins and Electrolyte Ions Compound Additive in Summer on Performance,Energy Balance and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Dairy Cows during Peripartum Period and Early Lactation Period

作　　者：封林玉 张雄飞 刘壮壮 张天姝 王琪璘 邓露 曹阳春[1] 姚军虎[1] 雷新建 FENG Linyu;ZHANG Xiongfei;LIU Zhuangzhuang;ZHANG Tianshu;WANG Qilin;DENG Lu;CAO Yangchun;YAO Junhu;LEI Xinjian(College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Liaoning Inspection,Examination&Certification Centre(Liaoning Institute for Agro-Product Veterinary Drugs and Feed Control),Shenyang 110000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学动物医学院,杨凌712100 [3]辽宁省检验检测认证中心(辽宁省农产品及兽药饲料产品检验检测院),沈阳110000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第1期323-334,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：陕西省技术创新引导计划项目(2022QFY11-05);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022ZDLNY01-09,2020NY-029);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2018BBF33007)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探索夏季补饲甜菜碱、维生素及电解质离子复合添加剂对围产期和泌乳前期奶牛生产性能、能量平衡和血清生化指标的影响。选取30头胎次[(2.3±0.8)胎]、上一泌乳周期产奶量[(28.3±1.6)kg/d]、预产期[(25.6±3.5)d]相近的健康荷斯坦奶牛,按照完全随机区组设计分为2组,每组15个重复,每个重复1头牛。对照组(CON组)试验全期(产前第21天至产后第63天)饲喂基础饲粮;添加剂组(CA组)在围产期(产前第21天至产后第21天)每头补饲40 g/d甜菜碱、维生素及电解质离子复合添加剂,泌乳前期(产后第22~63天)每头补饲10 g/d甜菜碱、维生素及电解质离子复合添加剂。试验期84 d。结果表明:1)CA组围产期和试验全期奶牛呼吸频率显著低于CON组(P<0.05)。2)在围产期,CA组奶牛干物质采食量(DMI)显著高于CON组(P<0.05);在泌乳前期,CA组奶牛DMI和产奶量显著高于CON组(P<0.05);在试验全期,CA组奶牛DMI和4%校正乳(FCM)产量显著高于CON组(P<0.05)。3)CA组产前第14天、产后第63天血清游离脂肪酸含量显著低于CON组(P<0.05)。CA组产前第14天血清谷草转氨酶活性显著低于CON组(P<0.05),产后第21天血清白蛋白含量显著高于CON组(P<0.05),产后第63天血清总胆红素含量显著低于CON组(P<0.05)。CA组产前第14天血清过氧化氢酶活性显著高于CON组(P<0.05)。综上所述,夏季补饲甜菜碱、维生素和电解质离子复合添加剂可缓解围产期和泌乳前期奶牛热应激和能量负平衡,提高生产性能,并改善围产期奶牛机体免疫功能和抗氧化能力。The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementation of betaine,vitamins and electrolyte ions compound additive in summer on performance,energy balance and serum biochemical indexes of dairy cows during peripartum period and early lactation period. Thirty healthy Holstein dairy cows with similar parity[(2.3±0.8)parities],milk yield in last lactation period[(28.3±1.6)kg/d]and expected calving date[(25.6±3.5)d]were randomly divided into 2 groups in randomized block design with 15 replicates per group and 1 cow per replicate. Cows in the control group(CON group)were fed a basal diet during whole experiment period(day 21 before delivery to day 63 after delivery);while cows in compound additive group(CA group)were fed the basal diet supplemented with 40 g/d betaine,vitamins and electrolyte ions compound additive during peripartum period(day 21 before delivery to day 21 after delivery),and supplemented with10 g/d betaine,vitamins and electrolyte ions compound additive during early lactation period(days 22 to 63after delivery). The experiment lasted for 84 days. The results showed as follows:1)the respiratory rate of cows during peripartum period and whole experiment period of CA group was significantly lower than that of CON group(P<0.05). 2)During the peripartum period,the dry matter intake(DMI)of cows of CA group was significantly higher than that of CON group(P<0.05);during the early lactation period,the DMI and milk yield of cows of CA group were significantly higher than that of CON group(P<0.05);during the whole experiment period,the DMI and 4% fat-corrected milk yield of cows of CA group were significantly higher than that of CON group(P<0.05). 3)The serum nonestesterified fatty acid content on day 14 before delivery and day 63 after delivery of CA group was significantly lower than that of CON group(P<0.05). The serum aspartate aminotransferase activity on day 14 before delivery of CA group was significantly lower than that of CON group(P<0.05),the serum albumin content on day 21 aft

关 键 词：复合添加剂 奶牛 围产期 泌乳前期 生产性能 热应激 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]