饲料中添加蚕豆对罗非鱼生长性能、肠道消化酶活性、肠道形态和肠道菌群的影响  

Effects of Faba Bean Supplementation on Growth PerformanceIntestinal Digestive Enzyme Activitiesa,Intestinal Morphology and Intestinal Flora of Tilapi(Oreochromis niloticus)

作　　者：符兵 彭凯 陈冰 彭振 赵红霞 王国霞 黄文 曹俊明 卢迈新 曹建萌[4,5] 蔡佳 FU Bing;PENG Kai;CHEN Bing;PENG Zhen;ZHAO Hongxia;WANG Guoxia;HUANG Wen;CAO Junming;LU Maixin;CAO Jianmeng;CAI Jia(Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China;Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Animal Science,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;Maoming Agricultural Science and Technology Extension Center,Maoming 525099,China;Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,Maoming 525099,China;Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application&Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Science,Guangzhou 511400,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学,湛江524088 [2]广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所,农业农村部华南动物营养与饲料重点试验室,广东省畜禽育种与营养研究重点试验室,广州510640 [3]茂名市农业科技推广中心,茂名525099 [4]岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室茂名分中心,茂名525099 [5]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所,农业农村部热带亚热带水产资源利用与养殖重点实验室,广州511400

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第1期494-504,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：2021年高水平广东省农业科技示范市建设资金市院合作项目;2021中央财政农业生产发展(优势特色产业集群)资金“罗非鱼优势特色产业集群项目”(2022横001);科技创新战略专项资金(高水平农科院建设-青年研究员项目)(R2021PY-QY001);茂名实验室自主研发项目(2021TDQD004)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲料中添加蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)对罗非鱼生长性能、肠道消化酶活性、肠道形态和肠道菌群的影响。选取初始体重为(500.23±0.34)g的吉富罗非鱼600尾,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复50尾鱼。在100 d的饲养期内4组试验鱼分别投喂添加0(C0组,作为对照)、15%(C15组)、30%(C30组)和60%(C60组)蚕豆的等氮等脂试验饲料。结果显示:1)各组间增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数和肝体比均无显著差异(P>0.05),C60组的蛋白质效率和存活率显著高于C0和C15组(P<0.05)。2)各组间肠道淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)与C0组相比,C15、C30和C60组肠道绒毛高度、绒毛厚度和肌层厚度显著降低(P<0.05)。4)C15、C30、C60组罗非鱼肠道菌群的Simpson指数均低于C0组,且C30组与C0组的差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)。5)4组罗非鱼肠道核心菌群主要为蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和梭杆菌门(Fusobacteriota)。与C0组相比,C15、C30和C60组肠道菌群中变形菌门的相对丰度降低,C15和C60组梭杆菌门和鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)的相对丰度降低。综上可知,在等氮等脂条件下,饲料中添加15%~60%的蚕豆对罗非鱼的生长性能和肠道消化酶活性无显著影响,但会显著降低肠道绒毛高度、绒毛宽度和肌层厚度,降低肠道菌群中变形菌门的相对丰度和肠道菌群多样性。This study was conducted to investigate the effects of faba bean supplementation on the growth performance,intestinal digestive enzyme activities,intestinal morphology and intestinal flora of tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus). A total of 600 genetic improvement of farmed tilapia with an initial body weight of(500.23±0.34)g were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 50 fish per replicate. Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets containing 0(C0 group,as control),15%(C15 group),30%(C30 group)and 60%(C60 group)faba bean were fed to fish during the 100-d feeding trial. Results showed as follows:1)there were no significant differences in the weight gain rate,specific growth rate,feed coefficient ratio and hepatosomatic index among the groups(P>0.05),the protein efficiency ratio and survival rate in C60 group were significantly higher than those in C0 and C15 groups(P<0.05). 2)There were no significant differences in the activities of amylase,lipase and trypsin among the groups(P >0.05). 3)Compared with the C0 group,the C15,C30 and C60 groups had significantly lower intestinal villus height,villus thickness and muscle thickness(P<0.05). 4)The Simpson index of intestinal flora of tilapia in C15,C30 and C60groups was lower than that in C0 group,and the difference was significant between C30 and C0 groups(P<0.05). 5)The intestinal core flora of the four groups of tilapia were mainly Cyanobacteria,Actinobacteriota,Firmicutes,Proteobacteria and Fusobacteriota. Compared with the C0 group,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in C15,C30 and C60 groups had a significant reduction(P<0.05),and the relative abundances of Fusobacteriota and Cetobacterium in C15 and C60 groups had a significant reduction(P<0.05). To conclude,under the conditions of isonitrogenous and isolipidic,diets supplemented with 15% to 60% faba bean have no significant effects on the growth performance and intestinal digestive enzyme activities of tilapia,but can significantly reduce the intestinal villi height,villus wi

关 键 词：蚕豆 罗非鱼 生长性能 消化酶活性 肠道形态 肠道菌群 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]