全株小黑麦干草对育成牛营养物质表观消化率、血清生化指标及瘤胃发酵的影响  

Effects of Whole Triticale Hay on Nutrient Apparent Digestibility, Serum Biochemical Indices and Rumen Fermentation of Breeding Cattle

作　　者：孙浩彬 薛玉洋 牛玉杰 牛俊丽 张文举[1] 陈程 SUN Haobin;XUE Yuyang;NIU Yujie;NIU Junli;ZHANG Wenju;CHEN Cheng(College of Animal Science and Technology,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学动物科技学院,石河子832003

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2023年第1期106-114,共9页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：乳肉牛融合发展绿色养殖技术集成与示范(2021AA004)。

摘　　要：【目的】试验旨在研究全株小黑麦干草对育成牛营养物质表观消化率、血清生化指标及瘤胃发酵的影响,为小黑麦干草在畜牧业中的合理使用提供数据参考。【方法】在相同的饲养条件下,选取10月龄、平均体重为(325.0±20.0) kg、健康、生理状态良好的荷斯坦育成牛30头,随机分为3组:对照组、Ⅰ、Ⅱ组,每组10头牛,每头为一个重复。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(苜蓿干草∶小麦秸秆=1∶1),Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别以全株小黑麦干草替代饲粮中50%(苜蓿干草∶小麦秸秆∶全株小黑麦干草=0.5∶0.5∶1)和100%干草(100%全株小黑麦干草),试验预饲期7 d,正试期66天。于正试期前后对每头牛称重,并每天记录采食量,计算平均日增重和料重比;正试期最后4 d采集粪便和饲粮样品,测定各营养物质表观消化率;正试期第66天晨饲前采集血液,晨饲后2 h采集瘤胃液,测定血清生化和瘤胃发酵指标。【结果】(1)各组育成牛体重、日增重均差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅱ组料重比显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)Ⅰ组育成牛干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)和粗蛋白质(CP)表观消化率与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),但极显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.01);Ⅰ组牛中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)表观消化率显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),且极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。(3)育成牛血清中葡萄糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、总蛋白(TP)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量在各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05);Ⅱ组牛血清白蛋白(ALB)浓度极显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组(P<0.01);Ⅰ组牛血清尿素氮(UN)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但与Ⅱ组差异不显著(P>0.05)。(4)育成牛瘤胃pH、总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸含量及乙酸/丙酸(A/P)在各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05);Ⅱ组牛瘤胃NH3-N浓度显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),与对照组间无显著差异(P>0.05);Ⅱ组牛瘤胃微生物【Objective】 This experiment was conducted to study the effects of whole plant of triticale hay on the apparent digestibility of nutrients, serum biochemical indexes and rumen fermentation in breeding cattle, and provide data reference for the rational use of triticale hay in animal husbandry.【Method】 Under the same feeding conditions, 30 healthy, physiologically sound Holstein breeding cattle aged 10 months with an average weight of(325.0±20.0) kg were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups(control, Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups), with ten replicates per group, one cattle per replicate. The cattle in control group was fed the basal diet(alfalfa hay∶ wheat straw=1∶1),and in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,50%(alfalfa hay∶ wheat straw∶ whole plant triticale hay=0.5∶0.5∶1) and 100%(all whole plant triticale hay) hay of the basal diet were replaced by whole plant of triticale hay, respectively.The pre feeding period was 7 days, and the trial period was 66 days.The average daily gain and feed to gain ratio were calculated by weighing each breeding cattle before and after the trial period, and the feed intake was recorded daily. Manure and rations samples were collected in the last 4 days of the trial period to determine the nutrient apparent digestibility. Blood was collected before the morning feeding and rumen fluid was collected 2 h after the morning feeding on the 66th day of the trial period to determine the serum biochemical and rumen fermentation indexes.【Result】(1)The differences in weight and daily gain of breeding cattle between groups were not significant(P>0.05),the feed to gain ratio of group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).(2)The apparent digestibility of dry matter(DM),organic matter(OM) and crude protein(CP) in group Ⅰ was not significantly different from that of control group(P>0.05),but was extremely significantly higher than that of group Ⅱ(P<0.01). The apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) in group Ⅰ were

关 键 词：小黑麦干草 育成牛 表观消化率 血清生化指标 瘤胃发酵 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]