硫代硫酸铵对红富士苹果的疏花效应  

Flower thinning effect of ammonium thiosulfate in Red Fuji apple

作　　者：孟海凤 张春香 韩雪平[3] 薛晓敏[3] MENG Haifeng;ZHANG Chunxiang;HAN Xueping;XUE Xiaomin(Tai’an Forestry Protection and Development Center,Tai’an 271000,Shandong,China;Tai’an Taishan Forestry Research Institute,Tai’an 271000,Shandong,China;Shandong Institute of Pomology,Tai’an 271000,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]泰安市林业保护发展中心,山东泰安271000 [2]泰安市泰山林业科学研究院,山东泰安271000 [3]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第1期60-66,共7页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-27)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究硫代硫酸铵(ATS)对天红2号苹果疏花的适宜浓度与时期,以及对果实品质的影响,为苹果化学疏花提供参考。【方法】以天红2号苹果为材料,设不同浓度(w,后同)ATS处理(0、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%),不同喷施时期处理(25%中心花开放、75%中心花开放、25%花瓣脱落1次喷施,以及它们各自复配2次喷施),生理落果后调查坐果率和坐果比例等指标,成熟期测定果实品质指标,以确定ATS在富士苹果上的疏花效应。【结果】ATS适宜浓度为1.5%,在中心花开放25%和75%时喷2次,可显著降低坐果率,花序坐果率和花朵坐果率分别为87.70%和33.56%,单果率高达42.54%;保留的中心果发育更好,纵横径较对照分别提高了10.18%和19.06%,其全氮含量比对照增高了近一倍;ATS处理显著提高了单果质量,果皮红色度、可溶性固形物含量和维生素C含量稍有升高,对果形指数、果肉硬度和可滴定酸含量无明显影响。【结论】ATS可以作为有效疏花剂在红富士苹果上应用,适宜浓度为1.5%,在中心花开放25%和75%时连喷2次效果最好。【Objective】The appropriate concentration and spraying period of a flower thinning agent:ammonium thiosulfate(ATS)for Tianhong 2 apple were explored,and the effects of ATS on fruit quality were studied so as to provide reference for the application of ATS in apple.【Methods】The experiment was conducted in Tianping lake base of Shandong Institute of Pomology from April 2019 to November 2020.The reagent used is analytical pure ATS(98%),which was purchased from the official website of Aladdin reagent.The tested trees used were 9 a and 10 a Tianhong 2/SH38/M.robusta.On April 8,2019,ATS concentration screening test was carried out at full bloom stage,with four concentration treatments of 0.5%,1.0%,1.5%and 2.0%,and water spray was used as the control.In 2020,the spraying period screening test was carried out with six treatments including spraying at stage 1(25%central flower opening),at stage 2(75%central flower opening),at stage 3(25%petal falling off),at stage1and stage 2(stage 1+2),at stage 1 and stage 3(stage 1+3),and at stage 2 and stage 3(stage 2+3),with no treatment as the control.A knapsack electric sprayer was used to spray the agent until the flowers were moist and dripping slightly.The fruit setting rate and fruit vacancy rate were investigated after physiological fruit drop.Meanwhile,taking the treatment at stage 2 as the representative treatment,the central fruit were collected to determine the diameter size and mineral nutrient content of young fruit.Semi micro distillation method,molybdenum antimony anti absorption spectrophotometry,and flame photometer method were used for the determination of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium,respectively.At the fruit ripening stage,samples from selected treatments were collected for fruit quality determination.Single fruit was weighed with an electronic platform scale;the vertical and horizontal diameters of fruit were measured with a digital vernier caliper;the peel hardness of fruit with a GY-1 fruit hardness tester;the content of soluble sol

关 键 词：苹果 硫代硫酸铵 化学疏花 果实品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]