温室栽培黄金梨种子败育初探  

Preliminary study on seed abortion of Whangkeumbae pear cultivated in the greenhouse

作　　者：李琛[1] 王海静 姜涛 边卫东[1] LI Chen;WANG Haijing;JIANG Tao;BIAN Weidong(Hebei Normal University of Science&Technology/Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization/Hebei Higher Institute Application Technology Research and Development Center of Horticultural Plant Biological Breeding,Qinhuangdao 066000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技师范学院·河北省特色园艺种质挖掘与创新利用重点实验室·河北省高校特色园艺植物生物育种应用技术研发中心,河北秦皇岛066000

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第1期67-73,共7页Journal of Fruit Science

摘　　要：【目的】通过比较温室栽培和露地栽培黄金梨从萌芽期至开花期的胚珠、胚囊发育情况,初步探讨温室栽培黄金梨种子败育的原因。【方法】调查记录了温室、露地栽培黄金梨萌芽期至开花期的气温变化规律,并以2种栽培条件下的黄金梨为试材,对该时期的花芽进行采样,利用石蜡切片法对比观察黄金梨的胚珠、胚囊发育过程及其形态特点,并用测微尺测量了开花期胚珠、胚囊的大小;于花后20 d统计坐果率,并对成熟期的果实进行种子败育情况调查。【结果】露地栽培黄金梨种子败育率低,坐果率高,温室黄金梨种子败育率高,坐果率低。温室栽培条件下,不适宜的高温处理缩短了黄金梨从现蕾到开花所需时间;同时造成开花期胚囊发育滞后,胚囊发育不完全(未成熟),50%的胚囊仍处于单核、二核阶段,11.1%的胚囊处于四核阶段,且胚囊的长度和宽度均小于露地黄金梨。【结论】温室黄金梨种子败育率高、坐果率低的重要原因是开花前的高温处理导致胚囊发育滞后、发育不完全。【Objective】The Whangkeumbae pear had high early yield and good quality,and when cultivated in the greenhouse,it could prolong the fruit supply period and increase the economic benefits to fruit growers.However,in the production,it was found that the fruit setting rate of Whangkeumbae pear cultivated in the greenhouse was low,the incidence of malformed fruit was high,and most of the dropped and malformed fruits were seedless.Previous studies found that although Whangkeumbae pear had little or no pollen,the pistil could develop normally,and the fruit setting rate could be improved by artificial pollination.However,under the greenhouse cultivation conditions,abnormal temperature regulation was easy to cause abnormal development of ovules and embryo sacs,which caused seed abortion.So,by comparing the development of ovule and embryo sac in the same phenological period of Whangkeumbae pear cultivated in the greenhouse and open field,and combing with the pattern of temperature change,this paper preliminarily discussed the cause of seed abortion of Whangkeumbae pear cultivated in the greenhouse.【Methods】This paper investigated and recorded the pattern of temperature change from bud break to flowering of Whangkeumbae pear cultivated in the greenhouse and open field,and took Whangkeumbae pear under two cultivation conditions as test materials.The flower buds from germination stage to anthesis stage were sampled,and the development process and morphological characteristics of ovules and embryo sacs of Whangkeumbae pear during this period were compared and observed by paraffin sectioning.The ovule and embryo sac size of Whangkeumbae pear at flowering stage were measured with a micrometer.The fruit setting rate was calculated 20 days after anthesis stage,and the seed abortion of fruits during maturation period was investigated.【Results】The seed abortion rate of Whangkeumbae pear cultivated in the greenhouse was 62.0%,which was significantly higher than that cultivated in the open field(7.0%).And its fruit setting

关 键 词：黄金梨 温室 种子败育 胚囊 显微观察 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]