实际道路工况下“油改气”双燃料出租车的排放特征  

Emission characteristics of"oil-to-gas"dual fuel taxis under actual road conditions

作　　者：王计广 桂华侨[1,2] 杨志文 曲大为 余同柱 毛洪钧 WANG Ji-guang;GUI Hua-qiao;YANG Zhi-wen;QU Da-wei;YU Tong-zhu;MAO Hong-jun(Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,China;Science Island Branch of Graduate School,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;China Automotive Technology&Research Center Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300300,China;College of Automotive Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China;Department of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院安徽光学精密机械研究所,合肥230031 [2]中国科学技术大学研究生院科学岛分院,合肥230026 [3]中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司,天津300300 [4]吉林大学汽车工程学院,长春130022 [5]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300071

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（工学版）》2023年第1期94-104,共11页Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42005108);安徽省优秀青年科技基金项目(1808085J19)。

摘　　要：为研究和评估传统汽油出租车开展“油改气”对排放的影响,在唐山市选择2辆典型的国Ⅳ和国Ⅴ阶段“油改气”双燃料出租车作为测试车辆,利用车载排放测试系统(PEMS)SEMTECH-DS和ELPI开展实际道路气态污染物(CO、CO_(2)、NO_(x))和颗粒物数量(PN)排放测试,研究分析“油改气”双燃料出租车在不同道路类型和速度工况下污染物排放特征及差异。结果表明:相比汽油燃料,以天然气为燃料时2辆测试车辆CO、CO_(2)和PN综合排放因子分别降低31.0%~88.6%、19.8%~23.8%和79.3%~85.7%,而NO_(x)综合平均排放因子分别提高4.4和1.7倍。其中CO_(2)、PN以及国Ⅳ测试车辆CO在不同道路类型/速度区间的排放因子均明显降低,而国Ⅴ测试车辆CO除在市区道路/低速区间(车速<50 km/h)排放因子降低外,在郊区和车速>50 km/h中高速度区间内却相对升高。“油改气”双燃料有效降低各粒径段PN排放,在粒径9 nm处PN峰值浓度下降了79.7%~82.5%。在两种燃料条件下,测试车辆粒径小于23 nm的PN排放占总PN排放的71.6%~96.9%,且国Ⅴ显著高于国Ⅳ、天然气燃料高于汽油燃料。In order to study and evaluate the impact of"oil-to-gas"in traditional gasoline taxis on emissions,two typical ChinaⅣand ChinaⅤ"oil-to-gas"dual-fuel taxis were selected as test vehicles in Tangshan City,the actual road gaseous pollutants(CO,CO_(2),NO_(x))and particulate matter(PN)emission were tested by PEMS(SEMTECH-DS and ELPI),and the emission characteristics and differences of"oil-to-gas"dual-fuel taxis under different road types and speed conditions.The results show that compared with gasoline fuel,the CO,CO_(2)and PN emission factors of two test vehicles fueled by CNG were reduced by 31.0%~88.6%,19.8%~23.8%and 79.3%~85.7%respectively,while NO_(x)emission factors were increased by 4.4 and 1.7 times respectively.Meanwhile,the CO_(2),PN,and ChinaⅣtest vehicle CO emission factors in different road types/speed ranges were significantly reduced,while ChinaⅤtest vehicles CO emission factors were reduced except for urban roads/low-speed ranges(vehicle speeds<50km/h),it was relatively higher in the suburbs and in the middle and high speed range where the vehicle speed higher than 50 km/h.The"oil-to-gas"dual fuel effectively reduced the PN emission in each particle size section,and the peak PN concentration at the particle size 9 nm was reduced by 79.7%to 82.5%.Under the two fuel conditions,the PN emissions of test vehicles with a particle size of less than 23 nm accounted for 71.6%~96.9%of the total PN emissions,and the China V was significantly higher than the ChinaⅣ,and the natural gas fuel was higher than the gasoline fuel.

关 键 词：实际道路 油改气双燃料 出租车 车载排放测试系统 颗粒物 气态污染物 

分 类 号：U467.1[机械工程—车辆工程]