基于6个玉米高代回交重组自交系群体的产量及其构成因素的杂种优势研究  

Investigation into heterosis of grain yield and yield components of using six advanced generation backcross populations in maize

作　　者：张全艳 丛一宁 张培高[2] 徐春霞[2] 王晶 刘丽[2,3] ZHANG Quan-yan;CONG Yi-ning;ZHANG Pei-gao;XU Chun-xia;WANG Jing;LIU Li(School of Agriculture,Yunnan University,Kunming 650504,China;Institute of Food Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学农学院,昆明650504 [2]云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,昆明650205 [3]云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所,昆明650205

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第11期2469-2477,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31661143004,31060192);云南省种子种业联合实验室项目(202205AR070001-01);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0101803);云南大学研究生科研创新基金项目(201915)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过对6个高代回交重组自交系(BC_(1)F_(7∶8))群体的产量及其构成因素进行分析,探索三角形杂种优势形成的遗传基础,为利用杂种优势提高玉米产量提供信息参考。【方法】从三角形杂种优势群中分别选择最具有代表性的自交系Y46(Suwan1群)、Y107(Reid群)和MON2(非Reid群)组配6个BC_(1)F_(7∶8)群体,分析各群体的穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数和单产5个产量及其构成因素的遗传差异及杂种优势。【结果】不同群体的产量及其构成因素均表现出显著差异,其中Y46与Y107组配的BC_(1)F_(7∶8)群体产量及其构成因素显著高于Y46与MON2和Y107与MON2组配的群体,此外Y46与MON2组配的正反交群体间产量及其构成因素差异较大,Y107与MON2组配的正反交群体间差异较小。同时,Y46与Y107组配的BC_(1)F_(7∶8)群体其产量及其构成因素的中亲优势和超亲优势较强,Y107与MON2群体次之,Y46与MON2群体较弱。【结论】在三角形杂种优势模式中,以Suwan1×Reid杂种优势模式组配的群体,其后代产量及其构成因素的杂种优势较强,Reid×非Reid杂种优势居中,Suwan1×非Reid杂种优势较弱。建议在玉米杂交育种中,尽量选择Suwan1×Reid杂种优势模式,以提高玉米产量潜力。【Objective】The performance of grain yield and yield components in six advanced generation backcross BC_(1)F_(7∶8)populations were evaluated in order to explore genetic basis of the formation of Triangle Heterosis Pattern for utilizing heterosis to develop high yielding maize hybrids in the future.【Method】Six BC_(1)F_(7∶8)populations derived from the representative inbred lines of three heterosis groups including Y46(Suwan1), Y107(Reid) and MON2(Non-Reid) were used to investigate into the genetic difference and heterosis of ear length, ear diameter, ear row number, kernel number per row and grain yield.【Result】There were significant differences in grain yield and yield components among six BC_(1)F_(7∶8)populations, and the grain yield and yield components of Y46 × Y107 were higher than those of BC_(1)F_(7∶8)populations of Y46 × MON2 and Y107 × MON2. Furthermore, cross and reciprocal cross significantly impacted on the grain yield and yield components in the BC_(1)F_(7∶8)populations derived from Y46 and MON2, while less influenced in the BC_(1)F_(7∶8)populations derived from Y107 and MON2. In addition, the grain yield and mid-parent heterosis and over-parent heterosis of yield components in the BC_(1)F_(7∶8)populations derived from Y46 and Y107 was strongest, the BC_(1)F_(7∶8)populations derived from Y107 and MON2 ranked at the middle, and the BC_(1)F_(7∶8)populations derived from Y46 and MON2 was inferior.【Conclusion】Under the Triangle Heterosis Pattern, the mid-parent heterosis and over-parent heterosis of yield components in the BC_(1)F_(7∶8)populations crossed by the pattern of Suwan1 × Reid was strongest, Reid × Non-Reid ranked at the middle, and Suwan1 × Non-Reid was inferior in the three heterosis group pattern. Therefore, the heterosis pattern of Suwan1 × Reid should be the principal choice to cross for improving the grain yield potential in crossbreeding program in maize.

关 键 词：玉米 BC_(1)F_(7∶8)群体 产量及其构成因素 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]