杂交鲌(翘嘴鲌♀×黑尾近红鲌♂)消化系统形态学和组织学特征研究  

Morphological and histological characterization in the digestive system of hybrid culter(Erythroculter ilishaeformis♀×Ancherythroculter nigrocauda♂)

作　　者：吉哲慧 李清 蒋明[2] 孙艳红 陆星[2] 陈见 李佩 魏辉杰 李明光 王贵英 JI Zhe-hui;LI Qing;JIANG Ming;SUN Yan-hong;LU Xing;CHEN Jian;LI Pei;WEI Hui-jie;LI Ming-guang;WANG Gui-ying(Fisheries Research Institute,Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430207,China;Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China;Wuhan Xianfeng Aquaculture Technology,Co.,Ltd,Wuhan 430207,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉市农业科学院水产研究所,武汉430207 [2]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,武汉430223 [3]武汉先锋水产科技有限公司,武汉430207

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2023年第1期12-19,共8页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：湖北省技术创新专项(2018ABA105);“科技助力经济2020”重点专项(2020)。

摘　　要：为探究杂交鲌“先锋1号”(Erythroculter ilishaeformis♀×Ancherythroculter nigrocauda♂)的消化系统特征并分析其食性及消化吸收特点,本研究采用生物学测量、电镜扫描、苏木精-伊红(H.E)染色等方法对体质量为(192.04±40.45)g杂交鲌的外部形态特征、消化道、各部分形态学及组织学特征进行了系统研究。结果显示:(1)杂交鲌消化系统由消化道与消化腺组成,消化道包括口咽腔、食管和肠3部分,无胃;肠道呈z字型盘旋,分为前肠、中肠和后肠;胰腺组织在肝脏中成弥散性分布。(2)杂交鲌肠道系数为0.94±0.09,口咽腔长/头长比值为0.21±0.05,符合杂食性鱼类特征。(3)杂交鲌食道、前肠、中肠、后肠四者的肌层厚度和管腔直径相互间都存在显著差异,肌层厚度和管腔直径依次减小,其中食道肌层厚度和管腔直径最长,分别为(522.59±34.06)μm和(3489.5±114.38)μm;后肠最短分别为(163.94±4.76)μm和(1937.37±64.32)μm。(4)粘液细胞在消化道内呈不均匀分布,食道内粘液细胞的密度显著高于肠道内粘液细胞的密度;食道中多为Ⅰ型粘液细胞,前肠内多为Ⅱ型粘液细胞。(5)杂交鲌食道及整个肠道均具有消化吸收功能,其中前肠是营养物质吸收的主要场所。This study was conducted to illustrate the morphological and histological characteristics of the digestive tract of hybrid culter(Erythroculter ilishaeformis♀×Ancherythroculter nigrocauda♂).The biological measurements,scanning electron microscopy and hematoxylin-eosin(H.E)staining were employed to investigate the digestive system of 31 hybrid culter with an average weight of(192.04±40.45)g.The results showed that the digestive system consists of the digestive tract and digestive gland.The digestive tract includes the oropharyngeal cavity,esophagus and gut.The digestive glands contain the hepatopancreas and gall bladder.The gut folded as“z”,and the pancreatic tissue iwas diffusely distributed in the liver.The intestinal coefficient was 0.94±0.19,and the oropharyngeal cavity length/head length ratio was 0.21±0.05,which was in line with the characteristics of omnivorous fish.There was a significant difference in muscle thickness and lumen diameter among the hybrid culter’s esophagus,foregut,midgut,and hindgut.The muscle layer’s thickness and the lumen’s diameter decreased in turn.The layer thickness and lumen diameter were the largest at(522.59±34.06)μm and(3489.5±114.38)μm,respectively.The smallest was hindgut at(163.94±4.76)μm and(1937.37±64.32)μm,respectively.Mucus cells were unevenly distributed in the digestive tract and the density of mucous cells in the esophagus was significantly higher than that in the intestinal tract Type I mucous cells,which were mostly found in the esophagus,and typeⅡmucous cells were mostly found in the foregut.In conclusion,the structural characteristics indicated that Hybrid culter is an omnivorous fish,the esophagus and whole intestinal tract have digestion and absorption ability,and the foregut plays an essential role in the absorption of nutrients.

关 键 词：杂交鲌(Erythroculter ilishaeformis♀×Ancherythroculter nigrocauda♂) 生物学性状 消化系统 组织学 超微结构 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]